High temperature corrosion of structural materials under gas-cooled reactor helium

“…Figure 3.52 shows the high temperature isothermal oxidation behavior of Alloy 230 and other candidate heat exchanger materials after exposure to impure helium environments at 950ºC for 813 hrs. The helium contained H 2 = 189±6 ppm, CH 4 = 20.1±0.5 ppm, CO = 50.6±1.4 ppm, H 2 0 ~2.1 ppm, N 2 = <8 ppm, and O 2 = <0.1 ppm and experiments were conducted with a helium flow rate of 15 L/h [Cabet et al 2006]. The thicknesses/depths of loose oxide scale, compact oxide scale, internal oxide, and the internally affected region developed (after oxidation) are shown in the figure.…”

Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary issues associated with the next generation nuclear plant intermediate heat exchanger design

Natesan

Moisseytsev

Majumdar

2009

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Executive SummaryThe Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP), which is an advanced high temperature gas reactor (HTGR) concept with emphasis on production of both electricity and hydrogen, involves helium as the coolant and a closed-cycle gas turbine for power generation with a core outlet/gas turbine inlet temperature of 900-1000*C. In the indirect cycle system, an intermediate heat exchanger is used to transfer the heat from primary helium from the core to the secondary fluid, which can be helium, nitrogen/helium mixture, or a molten salt. The system concept for the vary high temperature reactor (VHTR) can be a reactor based on the prismatic block of the GT-MHR developed by a consortium led by General Atomics in the U.S. or based on the PBMR design developed by ESKOM of South Africa and British Nuclear Fuels of U.K.This report has made a preliminary assessment on the issues pertaining to the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) for the NGNP. Two IHX designs namely, shell and tube and compact heat exchangers were considered in the assessment. Printed circuit heat exchanger, among various compact heat exchanger (HX) designs, was selected for the analysis. Irrespective of the design, the material considerations for the construction of the HX are essentially similar, except may be in the fabrication of the units. As a result, we have reviewed in detail the available information on material property data relevant for the construction of HX and made a preliminary assessment of several relevant factors to make a judicious selection of the material for the IHX.The assessment included four primary candidate alloys namely, Alloy 617 (UNS N06617), Alloy 230 (UNS N06230), Alloy 800H (UNS N08810), and Alloy X (UNS N06002) for the IHX. Some of the factors addressed in this report are the tensile, creep, fatigue, creep fatigue, toughness properties for the candidate alloys, thermal aging effects on the mechanical properties, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code compliance information, and performance of the alloys in helium containing a wide range of impurity concentrations.A detailed thermal hydraulic analysis, using a model developed at ANL, was performed to calculate heat transfer, temperature distribution, and pressure drop inside both printed circuit and shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The analysis included evaluation of the role of key process parameters, geometrical factors in HX designs, and material properties. Calculations were performed for helium-to-helium, helium-to-helium/nitrogen, and helium-to-salt HXs. The IHX being a high temperature component, probably needs to be designed using ASME Code Section III, Subsection NH, assuming that the IHX will be classified as a class 1 component. With input from thermal hydraulic calculations performed at ANL, thermal conduction and stress analyses for both compact and shell-and-tube HXs were performed.Several conclusions were drawn from this assessment:• In general, majority of materials research and development programs in support of HTGRs were conducted in the...

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“…The IHX is expected to operate at temperatures of up to 850 °C and under cyclic stresses of 7 -9 MPa in helium containing CO, CO 2 , H 2 , H 2 O and CH 4 in ppm levels due to leaks in the seals and welds, or outgassing of the reactor core internals and thermal insulators [3][4][5]. At the designated operating temperatures, these impurities in helium are known to result in surface chromium and internal aluminium oxidation, carburization or decarburization of the IHX alloys [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The combination of these corrosion modes with cyclic stresses at high temperatures can have severe negative impact on the microstructure stability and mechanical properties of the IHX alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface oxidation of Alloy 617 in low oxygen partial pressure He–CO–CO2 environments at 750–850 °C

Gulsoy

Was

2015

Corrosion Science

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Surface Cr oxidation mechanism of Alloy 617 was investigated in He-CO-CO 2 environments with P CO / P CO 2 of either 9 or 1320 at temperatures 750-850 °C. The activation energy for surface oxidation was 169.0 ± 13.2 kJ/mol in He-P CO / P CO 2 = 9 and 234.4 ± 8.9 kJ/mol in He-P CO / P CO 2 = 1320. The ambient oxygen partial pressure dependence of the measured oxidation rates was consistent with n-type behavior of Cr 2 O 3 , in which Cr interstitials are the primary mobile species. The oxidation rates measured were greater than that can be sustained only by lattice diffusion of Cr in Cr 2 O 3 , indicating that grain boundary diffusion of Cr plays a role in the Cr 2 O 3 growth kinetics.

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High temperature corrosion of structural materials under gas-cooled reactor helium

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

The development of microstructural damage during high temperature creep–fatigue of a nickel alloy

The development of microstructural damage during high temperature creep–fatigue of a nickel alloy

Preliminary issues associated with the next generation nuclear plant intermediate heat exchanger design

Surface oxidation of Alloy 617 in low oxygen partial pressure He–CO–CO2 environments at 750–850 °C

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