High-temperature decomposition chemistry of trimethylsiloxane surfactants, a potential Fluorine–Free replacement for fire suppression

Etz, Brian D.; Mifkovic, Maleigh; Vyas, Shubham; Shukla, Manoj K.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136351

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

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“…Wu et al 58 discovered the presence of metabolites in plants exposed to F3 foams, but it is unclear whether these metabolites were formed in the soil or in the plants themselves. Yao et al 71 also found nonfluorinated byproducts resulting from the pyrolysis of AFFF, and Etz et al 72 conducted modeling on the byproducts that are formed during the thermal degradation of trimethylsiloxane surfactants. Overall, there is limited information available on the degradation products of F3, and further research is needed to fully understand their fates and impacts on the environment.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunrise of PFAS Replacements: A Perspective on Fluorine-Free Foams

Ateia

Buren

Barrett

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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One type of firefighting foam, referred to as aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), is known to contain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The concerns raised with PFAS, and their potential environmental and health impacts, have led to a surge in research on fluorine-free alternatives both in the United States and globally. Particularly, in January 2023, a new military specification (MIL-PRF-32725) for fluorine-free foam was released in accordance with Congressional requirements for the U.S. Department of Defense. This paper provides a critical analysis of the present state of the various fluorine-free options that have been developed to date. A nuanced perspective of the challenges and opportunities of more sustainable replacements is explored by examining the performance, cost, and regulatory considerations associated with these fluorine-free alternatives. Ultimately, this evaluation shows that the transition to fluorine-free replacements is likely to be complex and multifaceted, requiring careful consideration of the trade-offs involved. Yet, the ongoing work will provide valuable insights for future research on alternatives to AFFF and enhancing the safety and sustainability of fire suppression systems.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%