High Temperature Dissolvable Materials Development for High Temperature Dissolvable Plug Applications

Abstract

Dissolvable tools have been used more in unconventional oil and gas operations in recent years. Currently, more and more wells in Southwest of China quires high temperature (HT) dissolvable plug. The HT dissolvable plug needs to hold pressure in water at 150°C for 24 hours. On the other hand, the dissolvable plug needs to be dissolved in 1% KCl at 95°C in less than 15 days. These requirements put big challenges on dissolvable materials. Several HT dissolvable rubbers were developed to meet the requirements. The ambient and high temperature tensile testing were performed on the dissolvable rubbers. The dissolution testing of the dissolvable rubber was performed in brine at 140°C for 1 day and then at 95°C. Several dissolvable metals were developed and the slow strain rate testing (SSRT), Scanning electron Microscope (SEM)/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) testing were performed on these dissolvable metals. A special coating was developed to reduce the stress corrosion cracking of the dissolvable metals. Two HT dissolvable plugs were developed based on the dissolvable materials. The pressure holding testing and dissolution testing were performed on the two dissolvable plugs. It was found that the tensile strength of the HT dissolvable rubber at 150°C was higher than 1200 psi and elongation was higher than 700%, which was higher than that of most of the commercial HT dissolvable rubbers. The dissolvable rubber coupon disintegrated to tiny pieces at 95°C in 4 days. One dissolvable metal displayed better stress corrosion cracking resistance than the other dissolvable metals. The dissolvable metal promotes discontinuous grain boundaries and secondary phases within the grain boundary to prevent crack growth and propagation at the expense of strength. The dissolvable metal was used for lower slip of the dissolvable plug. The special coating on the dissolvable metal significantly reduced the dissolution rate of the dissolvable metal at high temperature. The two dissolvable plugs passed the pressure testing a of 10 ksi at 150°C in water for 24 hours. The dissolvable plug was dissolved in 1%KCl at 95°C in 14 days. The weight loss of the plug was more than 95%, All the remining residues of the dissolvable plug was less than 2 cm. The pressure holding and dissolution testing results of the dissolvable plug successfully meet the field testing requirements. This is the first time in the industry based on our knowledge a HT dissolvable plug passed 150°C, 10 ksi 24 hours pressure holding test in water and then dissolved in brine at 95°C in less than 15 days. The HT dissolvable rubber was specially designed to possess both high mechanical properties at 150°C and dissolution properties at 95°C. The dissolvable metal for lower slip was formulated to prevent crack growth.

Application and Properties of Polyglycolic Acid as a Degradation Agent in MPU/HNBR Degradable Elastomer Composites for Dissolvable Frac Plugs

“…Focusing on the technological aspect, fracturing plugs play an essential role in sustainable oil and gas development, helping reduce energy consumption and emissions [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. And nowadays, the industry has seen a shift towards dissolvable frac plugs, which offer advantages like high strength, pressure resistance, and temperature tolerance while also being able to dissolve in appropriate fracturing fluids [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Particularly, dissolvable plugs made of degradable magnesium alloys have been a breakthrough in fracturing technology [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

“…The second approach involves modifying a water-degradable rubber base to fulfill the requirements of the fracturing process, allowing the material to dissolve in fracturing fluid and be expelled through the wellbore along with the fluid. The dissolvable rubbers DR-043, DR-127, DR-129, DR-130, DR-131, and DR-132 were created by Yue et al [ 16 ]. These six rubbers each have a variable rate of disintegration.…”