High temperature erosion behaviour of Type AISI 446 stainless steel under the combined effect of surface modification and pre hot-corrosion

Mishra, Ankitendran; Behera, C.K.; Mohan, S.; Mohan, Anand; Pradhan, Dhananjay

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104873

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The temperature of the mill also determines the erosion rate. [24] therefore, observed an increase in mass loss due to erosion and corrosion. The changes in the properties depend on the temperature of heat treatment, holding time (soaking time), and cooling rate [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Failure Mode and Cost Effect Analysis of a Model Bone Crushing Hammer

Edun

Ajayi

Babalola

2022

KEM

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Critical investigation of strength properties of materials is required in Engineering practice to ensure an enhanced service life. Globally, industrialists are struggling to increase cost savings from lost production due to the failure of machine, while customers are concerned about the safety and reliability of the products. Hammer mills are prone to various modes of failure like chemical failure, erosive failure, abrasive failure and fatigue failure. The effect of these failure modes is always detrimental to the operation of the machine and its efficiency. Hence, forensic investigation is essential to determine the failure modes and their effects on hammer mills for bone crushing. Field investigation was carried out to monitor the hammer mill in operation for 12 months with a production of 20 bags per hour. The total production per day for 8 hours is expected to be 160 bags at a given speed. Thus, the cost of machine downtime on production is huge. The Pareto method was used to determine the effect of downtime on revenue and production for a period of one year. The hours of failure were between 1 to 2 hours per day. The loss in revenue was calculated using the variation of number of failure with time, as obtained from hammer mill. The outcome showed that hammers investigated failed as a result of abrasive wear, fatigue, impact, and chemical wear, respectively. The cost of downtime was found to be $ 37,745,809,920.00 CAD for the period of study. Based on findings, wide ranging factors are required to evaluate the performance of the hammer mill for improved productivity and efficiency. These are proper material selection, design and appropriate operational parameters. However, there is need for optimisation of the hammer material via heat treatment methods as this will reduce the yearly cost of production, downtime of the milling machine for bone crushing as well as improvement in productivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Failure Mode and Cost Effect Analysis of a Model Bone Crushing Hammer

Edun

Ajayi

Babalola

2022

KEM

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“…On increasing strain twin-twin interactions leads to division of the grain into rhombic blocks and result into nanometer sized crystallites with large angle boundaries. The ultrafine-grained microstructures in the surface layer of Type AISI 446 Stainless Steel subjected to USP treatment was studied by (Mishra et al, 2020). The optical micrograph in Figure 8 shows that the effect of shot peening leads to grain refinement to a depth of ~175 µm.…”

Section: Effect Of Ultrasonic Shot Peening On Surface Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructuring of Ferritic Steel: A Review on Enhanced Surface Properties Using Ultrasonic Shot Peening

Mishra,

Ojha

2024

Prabha Materials Science Letters

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Nanostructuring of ferritic stainless steel refers to the process of intentionally reducing the grain size of the material at the nanoscale level. By manipulating the microstructure of the steel, it is possible to enhance its mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Nanostructuring can significantly improve the strength, hardness, and wear resistance of ferritic stainless steel, while still maintaining its corrosion resistance. The increased density of grain boundaries and the complex dislocation network within the nanostructured material contribute to these improved properties. Moreover, the nanostructured ferritic stainless steel exhibits enhanced thermal stability, leading to better high-temperature performance and resistance to creep deformation. The small grain size also allows for increased precipitation of secondary phases, such as carbides, nitrides, or intermetallic compounds, which can further improve the material's properties. There are several methods to achieve nanostructuring in ferritic stainless steel, such as severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques like high-pressure torsion, equal channel angular pressing, and accumulative roll bonding. These techniques impose extreme plastic deformation on the material. Leading to grain refinement below the micrometre range. Also, a novel method of surface nanostructuring ultrasonic shot peening (USP) is discussed in detail. Shot peening is a process in which small, spherical media, typically made of steel or ceramic, called "shots," are propelled onto the surface of a material at high velocities. Ultrasonic shot peening enhances the traditional shot peening process by introducing high-frequency vibrations to the shots. These vibrations are generated by an ultrasonic transducer, which is immersed in a bath of shots and liquid. The vibrations are transmitted through the liquid to the shots, causing them to collide with the surface of the ferritic steel at even higher velocities and energy levels than in traditional shot peening. In summary, nanostructuring of ferritic stainless steel offers great potential for tailoring the material's properties to meet specific application requirements, including improved strength, hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance. USP is an effective surface treatment method for ferritic steel, offering advantages in terms of fatigue life, stress corrosion cracking resistance, surface hardness, and wear resistance.

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“…Traditionally, alloys having a good combination of mechanical properties such as Fe based alloys (martensitic, austenitic stainless steel), Ni based superalloys are used in such industries [12]. Cast martensitic stainless steel is preferred in severe erosive environments such as in hydro turbines due to its high hardness and corrosion resistance [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The solid particle erosion of pre oxidized high manganese nitrogen stabilized austenitic stainless steel (18Cr-21Mn-0.65N-Fe) at 400 to 700 °C

Kumar¹,

Mishra²,

Mohan³

et al. 2021

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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Nitrogen stabilized austenitic stainless steel exhibits better combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance as compared to the conventional nickel containing 316L SS. It is a cost-effective replacement of conventional 316L SS used in various applications where air jet solid particle erosion is observed. This paper presents the erosion behavior of pre oxidized nickel free nitrogen stabilized austenitic stainless steel (18Cr-21Mn-0.65N-Fe) at four different temperatures. The stainless steel was first air oxidized for 100 h at 400, 500, 600 and 700 °C and then subsequently subjected to solid particle erosion at 400, 500, 600 and 700 °C respectively with particle velocity of 100 m s −1 . The erodent discharge rate was maintained at 4.6±0.5 gm min −1 and three impact angle 60°, 75°, and 90°were employed. Optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and x-ray Diffraction technique (XRD) were used to characterize the eroded surface. Tensile tests and microhardness were performed to better understand the erosion behavior. The erosion rate increased steadily upto 500 °C, and there was an exponential increase at 600 and 700 °C. It is found to be associated with a decrease in the tensile strength and hardness of the steel. High temperature oxidation (preaging) resulted in the precipitation of harmful chromium nitride (Cr 2 N) which has accelerated the erosion rate at 600 and 700 °C. The alloy exhibited better erosion resistance at 90°impact angle compared to 60°and 75°. The main mechanism of erosion was ploughing, indenting, delamination and pitting. RECEIVED

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High temperature erosion behaviour of Type AISI 446 stainless steel under the combined effect of surface modification and pre hot-corrosion

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Failure Mode and Cost Effect Analysis of a Model Bone Crushing Hammer

Failure Mode and Cost Effect Analysis of a Model Bone Crushing Hammer

Nanostructuring of Ferritic Steel: A Review on Enhanced Surface Properties Using Ultrasonic Shot Peening

The solid particle erosion of pre oxidized high manganese nitrogen stabilized austenitic stainless steel (18Cr-21Mn-0.65N-Fe) at 400 to 700 °C

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