High temperature erosion–oxidation mechanisms, maps and models

Wellman, R.G.; Nicholls, John

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2003.04.003

Cited by 61 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…At 700 8C, the losses also increased slightly with increase in speed, but the trend was less pronounced and the values were less than at the lower temperatures. This relationship between extent of damage and impact angle, with small amounts of material loss for 308 impacts and greater amounts for 908 impacts, is typical of a brittle erosion process [20,21] and consistent with the brittle nature of aluminized [11,22] and chromized [19,22] surface layers. Moreover, it is apparent that there was a small change in behavior of the coating between 650 and 700 8C.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…During 200 h exposure, at least at the higher speeds, the Al 13 Cr 2 layer was removed almost completely, with only residues being detected around brittle impact craters. Under these conditions, where thickness losses increase with increase in temperature and the impacting particles remove both oxide scale and underlying coating, the prevailing erosion-oxidation mode is essentially oxidation-affected erosion [21,24,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Erosion–Oxidation Behavior of Chromized–Aluminized 9% Chromium Steel under Fluidized-Bed Conditions at Elevated Temperature

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An investigation into the erosion-oxidation behavior of chromizedaluminized 9% chromium steel has been carried out in a fluidized-bed erosionoxidation rig in air at temperatures of 550 8C to 700 8C for particle impact angles of 308 and 908, at speeds of 7.0-9.2 m s À1 . After exposure for 200 h, the meanthickness changes were determined, and the specimens were examined and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The results show that the chromized-aluminized specimens experience only relatively small amounts of material loss for 308 particle impacts but greater amounts for 908 particle impacts; such angle dependence is typical of a brittle erosion process. Under both impact angles, the thickness losses increase with increase in speed, and also, in temperature up to 650 8C, but then decrease with further increase in temperature. This change in the behavior between 650 and 700 8C is due to an increase in ductility of the coating and a greater contribution from oxidation. The two coating layers (an outer Al 13 Cr 2 and an inner a-chromium layer) show similar behavior, i.e., have lower material loss rates under 308 impacts than under 908 impacts. As the oxidation rate of the a-chromium layer is greater than that of the outer layer, the oxide scale plays a greater role in the erosion process for the former, particularly under 308 impacts. These observations are discussed in terms of the thickness changes and the morphologies of the damaged surfaces, with the emphasis being put on the relative roles of growth of the oxide scales and removal of such scales (and the underlying coating) by the impacting particles.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion–Oxidation Behavior of Chromized–Aluminized 9% Chromium Steel under Fluidized-Bed Conditions at Elevated Temperature

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Table 2 summarizes these values for the CFD simulations. Following the experimental details described in Wong et al (2012), erosion experiments on the cylindrical rods for three bulk velocities (30, 60, and 80 m/s) in air were conducted separately to obtain the power-law relationship suggested by Finnie. CFD models allow easy implementation of erosion-rate equations, such as Eq.…”

Section: Cfd Campaignmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Modeling and Experimental Observations of Changing Surface Profiles Caused by Solid-Particle Erosion

Wong

Solnordal

2013

SPE Production &Amp; Operations

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Traditional erosion modeling on oil and gas equipment frequently assumes a fixed erosion rate and unchanging surface profile throughout the erosion-exposure period. This approach does not account for the constantly changing surface and changes in the fluid flow, and therefore may lead to unquantified uncertainties in the prediction of equipment life. The literature presents limited experimental data of generic configurations in this topic. This paper addresses this gap by simultaneously investigating three generic configurations often encountered in oil and gas facilities. These configurations are a cylindrical rod, a hole in a flat plate, and a pipe cavity. Various eroded profiles of the physical configurations will be compared with traditional computational-fluiddynamics (CFD) modeling with an unchanging model surface.To validate this traditional assumption, the authors have used a modeling approach with multilayer paint modeling and geometry surface profiling of the aforementioned configurations exposed to a flow field with ambient air suspended with dilute solid particles.

show abstract

“…Theoretical and experimental studies of high temperature oxidation with spontaneous scale removal have been carried out for various purposes [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The Tedmon's equation [2] and its extensions are used to model the oxidation with continuous scale removal such as volatilization and mass transfer corrosion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, there have been many studies on high temperature oxidation with scale removal through solid particle erosion [9]. Different theoretical models [10] including an extension of the Tedmon's equation [11] have been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%