High temperature materials: properties, demands and applications

Abstract

High-temperature materials are used in a wide range of industries and applications such as gas turbine engines for aircrafts, power and nuclear power plants, different types of furnaces, including blast furnaces, some fuel cells, industrial gas turbines, different types of reactors, engines, electronic and lighting devices, and many others. Demands for high-temperature materials are becoming more and more challenging every year. To perform efficiently, effectively and at the same time to be economically viable, the materials used at high temperatures must have certain characteristics that are particularly expected for applying under such extreme conditions, for example, the strength and thermal resistance. In the present review, some important requirements that should be satisfied by high temperature materials will be discussed. Furthermore, the focus is put on refractory concretes, ceramics, intermetallic alloys, and composites as four different categories of these materials, which are also considered in respect to possibilities to overcome some of the current challenges. [Projects of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 451-03-68/2020-14/200135, Grant no. 451-03-68/2020-14/200026 and Grant no. 92166/3-19]

Elemental Influence on Oxidation Behaviour of Cantor‐Based and Refractory High Entropy Alloys: A Critical Review

“…Materials that can withstand temperatures above 540 °C are referred to as high‐temperature materials. [ 1 ] These materials are widely used for a range of applications such as in marine engines, the chemical industry, furnaces, ducting, heat exchangers, jet engines, steam turbines, nuclear reactors, and electronic devices. [ 1 ] The accelerated degradation of materials at high temperatures renders designing materials for such applications quite challenging.…”

“…[ 1 ] These materials are widely used for a range of applications such as in marine engines, the chemical industry, furnaces, ducting, heat exchangers, jet engines, steam turbines, nuclear reactors, and electronic devices. [ 1 ] The accelerated degradation of materials at high temperatures renders designing materials for such applications quite challenging. [ 2 ] Processes typically responsible for high‐temperature degradation include thermal fatigue, creep, hot corrosion, oxidation and microstructural changes.…”

Investigation of air-cooled condenser’s operating parameters in modern thermal power plant

“…Air-cooled condensers become applicable in large thermal power plants only after the technology of materials used for the construction of boiler and turbine elements reached a level that allowed significant increases in fresh steam parameters, and thus allowed significant increasing of such plant's efficiency. A more detailed insight into the impact of modern materials on the plant's efficiency can be obtained through the recently published studies, [5][6][7]. Such modern and far more efficient plants finally leave room to implement an air-cooled steam condensing system, as their overall efficiency, even with slightly less efficient condensation, will remain within more than satisfactory limits.…”

Non-Destructive Examination for Cavitation Resistance of Talc-Based Refractories with Different Zeolite Types Intended for Protective Coatings

“…Very often during service life, equipment or some of its parts are exposed to extreme conditions. In this respect, apart from investigating cavitation’s influence on the performance of ceramic matrix composites, metal matrix composites, and alloys [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], some authors’ previous studies were also focused on changes in composite materials induced by aggressive acid and salt environments [ 6 ], high temperatures [ 7 ], thermal shocks [ 8 ], as well as by laser beams [ 9 ]. Failure analysis is usually performed on different construction materials, such as metals, alloys, and refractories [ 10 , 11 ].…”

“…Very often during service life, equipment or some of its parts are exposed to extreme conditions. In this respect, apart from investigating cavitation's influence on the performance of ceramic matrix composites, metal matrix composites, and alloys [3][4][5], some authors' previous studies were also focused on changes in composite materials induced by aggressive acid and salt environments [6], high temperatures [7],…”