High temperature nanoindentation: The state of the art and future challenges

Wheeler, Jeffrey M.; Armstrong, David E.J.; Heinz, Walther; Schwaiger, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.cossms.2015.02.002

Cited by 187 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…[35,36] In nanoindentation, the related nanomechanical method based on the same equipment, publications are currently rising every year with respect to the development of high-temperature capability and the limit is being pushed toward 1000°C, reaching application temperatures of turbine materials. [37,38] In addition, variable rate experiments [39] now allow the characterization of rate dependence from the impact [40] to the creep regime [41,42] at any given temperature. These experiments now allow the study of temperaturedependent effects in dislocation plasticity, such as the change in the resistance of the lattice to dislocation motion or transitions in dislocation structure.…”

Section: Investigating Plasticity In Hard Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcompression of brittle and anisotropic crystals: recent advances and current challenges in studying plasticity in hard materials

Korte‐Kerzel

2017

MRS Communications

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Recent years have seen an increased application of small-scale uniaxial testing-microcompression-to the study of plasticity in macroscopically brittle materials. By suppressing fast fracture, new insights into deformation mechanisms of more complex crystals have become available, which had previously been out of reach of experiments. Structurally complex intermetallics, metallic compounds, or oxides are commonly brittle, but in some cases extraordinary, though currently mostly unpredictable, mechanical properties are found. This paper aims to give a survey of current advances, outstanding challenges, and practical considerations in testing such hard, brittle, and anisotropic crystals.While the origin of mechanical strength, toughness, and creep resistance is well studied in most metals, much less is known about the properties of more complex crystal structuresdespite their wide use as reinforcement phases and the undiscovered potential in their sheer number and variability. A major challenge in plasticity research of the next years will therefore be to close this gap in knowledge. Small-scale testing techniques have been demonstrated as a key enabling technique for such studies. Most prominent is microcompression, which helps overcome the fundamental challenge of studying plasticity in materials, which suffer from extreme brittleness in conventional testing. [1,2] Their plastic properties may, at first glance, appear to be of only academic interest: aiming to deduce fundamental relationships of crystal plasticity and structure to enable knowledge-guided search and data mining for new structural materials. However, they are in fact essential to performance at the microstructural scale of many advanced and highly alloyed materials and to understanding the effects of alloying strategies aimed at inducing deformability as baseline or reference information. Investigating plasticity in hard crystalsA deep understanding of plasticity and dislocation motion exists in most metallic crystals and strategies to engineer different aspects, for example by adjustment of the stacking fault energy, have been very successful. [3,4] These are being applied-with great effect-to hexagonal metals [3] which in spite of their closely related atomic packing show strongly anisotropic deformation and are therefore much more difficult to deform at low temperatures. In BCC metals, fundamental aspects of dislocation core structure, stress tensor dependence, and resulting non-Schmid behavior, are also still under investigation. [5,6] However, in all of these materials, the availability of large-grained or single crystals with sufficient purity has scarcely been a problem, nor has the ability to deform such samples under carefully controlled conditions. Suitable investigations by conventional, analytical and high-resolution microscopy techniques have also been carried out whenever new methods have allowed researchers to dive deeper into the physics of their plastic deformation.In intermetallics, ceramics, and compounds we face challeng...

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Section: Investigating Plasticity In Hard Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcompression of brittle and anisotropic crystals: recent advances and current challenges in studying plasticity in hard materials

Korte‐Kerzel

2017

MRS Communications

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“…In the present study, the linearity correction method [20] was valid for eliminating the effects of thermal drift and elastic deformation of the testing frame. Figure 2a shows a typical indentation load-depth curve.…”

Section: Theoretical Background For Spherical Indentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear Transition of CrN Coated M50 Steel under High Temperature and Heavy Load

Zhang

Tang

2017

Coatings

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Abstract:The combination of high temperature indentation and wear test provides a useful way to investigate wear of CrN coating and wear transition mechanisms. In this paper, the high temperature hardness of CrN coatings and load bearing capacity, L b , of CrN coated M50 disks were determined from spherical indentation at temperatures up to 500 • C. Wear tests with different normal loads were carried out at the same temperatures as the indentation tests. The results show that wear mechanism of CrN coating changes with external load, P, and temperature, T. Under a tested condition of P < L b and T < 315 • C, abrasive is the dominant wear mechanism for CrN coating. Under a tested condition of P < L b and T ≥ 315 • C, wear of CrN coating transitions into mild oxidation wear due to the lubricating effect of chromium oxide film. Under a tested condition of P > L b and T < 315 • C, wear of CrN coating was controlled by coating fracture. Under a tested condition of P > L b and T ≥ 315 • C, wear of CrN coating transitions into the severe wear mode, due to the tensile fracture of oxidation films, thereby leading to adhesion between CrN coating and tribo-counterpart. The presented method can be helpful in predicting permissible load and working temperature in tribological applications of CrN coating.

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“…3) It is to utilize the indentation method directly to evaluate HT modulus of coatings at temperatures below 1000 ℃ [16][17][18]. However, the drawback stems from the oxidation, erosion, and stiffness degradation of the indenter at HT that affect deeply the measurements [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating high temperature elastic modulus of ceramic coatings by relative method

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The accurate evaluation of the elastic modulus of ceramic coatings at high temperature (HT) is of high significance for industrial application, yet it is not easy to get the practical modulus at HT due to the difficulty of the deformation measurement and coating separation from the composite samples. This work presented a simple approach in which relative method was used twice to solve this problem indirectly. Given a single-face or double-face coated beam sample, the relative method was firstly used to determine the real mid-span deflection of the three-point bending piece at HT, and secondly to derive the analytical relation among the HT moduli of the coating, the coated and uncoated samples. Thus the HT modulus of the coatings on beam samples is determined uniquely via the measured HT moduli of the samples with and without coatings. For a ring sample (from tube with outer-side, inner-side, and double-side coating), the relative method was used firstly to determine the real compression deformation of a split ring sample at HT, secondly to derive the relationship among the slope of load-deformation curve of the coated ring, the HT modulus of the coating and substrate. Thus, the HT modulus of ceramic coatings can be evaluated by the substrate modulus and the load-deformation data of coated rings. Mathematic expressions of those calculations were derived for the beam and ring samples. CVD-SiC coatings on graphite substrate were selected as the testing samples, of which the measured modulus ranging from room temperature to 2100 ℃ demonstrated the validity and convenience of the relative method.

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High temperature nanoindentation: The state of the art and future challenges

Cited by 187 publications

References 66 publications

Microcompression of brittle and anisotropic crystals: recent advances and current challenges in studying plasticity in hard materials

Microcompression of brittle and anisotropic crystals: recent advances and current challenges in studying plasticity in hard materials

Wear Transition of CrN Coated M50 Steel under High Temperature and Heavy Load

Evaluating high temperature elastic modulus of ceramic coatings by relative method

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