High temperature perception in leaves promotes vascular regeneration and graft formation in distant tissues

Serivichyaswat, Phanu T.; Bartusch, Kai; Leso, Martina; Musseau, Constance; Iwase, Akira; Chen, Yu; Sugimoto, Keiko; Quint, Marcel; Melnyk, Charles W.

doi:10.1242/dev.200079

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Grafting was performed on seven days-old seedlings and carried out according to previously published protocols (Melnyk, 2017) and as described in Serivichyaswat et al . (2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grafting was performed on seven days-old seedlings and carried out according to previously published protocols (Melnyk, 2017) and as described in Serivichyaswat et al (2022). In brief, seeds were sown on ATS medium at 4°C darkness, stratified for two days at 4°C and then shifted to 20°C in a growth cabinet for another seven days under long-day photoperiods (16 h of light/8 h of dark) with 90 µmol m −2 s −1 white light (T5 4000K).…”

Section: Hypocotyl Micrograftingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Auxin-dependent acceleration of cell division rates regulates root growth at elevated temperature

Quint

Bellstaedt

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Roots are highly plastic organs enabling plants to acclimate to a changing below-ground environment. In addition to abiotic factors like nutrients or mechanical resistance, plant roots also respond to temperature variation. Below the heat stress threshold, Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings react to elevated temperature by promoting primary root growth, possibly to reach deeper soil regions with potentially better water saturation. While above-ground thermomorphogenesis is enabled by thermo-sensitive cell elongation, it was unknown how temperature modulates root growth. We here show that roots are able to sense and respond to elevated temperature independent of shoot-derived signals. An unknown root thermosensor seems to employ auxin as a messenger to promote primary root growth. Growth is primarily achieved by accelerating cell division rates in the root apical meristem, likely maintained via temperature-sensitive organization of the polar auxin transport system. Hence, the primary cellular target of elevated ambient temperature differs fundamentally between root and shoot tissues, while the messenger auxin that relays temperature information to elongating or dividing cells, respectively, remains the same.

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“…Grafting was performed on seven days-old seedlings and carried out according to previously published protocols (Melnyk, 2017) and as described in Serivichyaswat et al . (2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypocotyl Micrograftingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin-dependent acceleration of cell division rates regulates root growth at elevated temperature

Quint

Bellstaedt

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…qRT-PCR was performed using the Maxima SYBR Green/ROX qPCR Master Mix 2x (Thermo Scientific, K022). PjPP2A was used as normalisation control (Serivichyaswat et al 2022). For each experiment, three biological replicates and at least two technical replicates were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PjPP2A was used as normalisation control (Serivichyaswat et al 2022). For each experiment, three biological replicates and at least two technical replicates were used.…”

Section: Gene Expression Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

PME-mediated pectin modifications promote haustoria initiation and xylem bridge development in the parasitic plantPhtheirospermum japonicum

Leso¹,

Ming²,

Kokla³

et al. 2023

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Parasitic plants produce cell wall modifying enzymes that are thought to be important for efficient host infection. Here, we investigated the role of pectin methylesterases (PMEs) and their inhibitors (PMEIs) during haustorium development in the facultative parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum infecting Arabidopsis thaliana. We employed immunohistochemistry to characterise tissue-specific changes in pectin methylesterification during haustorium development. We found putative PME and PMEI genes in P. japonicum and used genetic and transcriptomic approaches to identify those involved in haustorium development. Our results show tissue-specific changes in pectin methylesterification during haustorium development. De-methylesterified pectin correlated with haustorial intrusive cells whereas highly methylated pectin correlated with vascular tissues. We also found that inhibition of PME activity delayed haustoria development and xylem connectivity. Several PjPME and PjPMEI genes increased expression specifically during haustorium development but such increases did not occur when haustorium initiation or xylem connections were blocked by chemical treatment. This study describes the importance of pectin modifications in parasitic plants during host infection. Our results suggest a dynamic regulation of PMEs and PMEIs contributes to haustoria initiation and to the establishment of xylem connections between parasite and host.

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“…The temporal dynamics of graft junction formation varies widely among species. Studies from Arabidopsis indicate that phloem and xylem strands restore functional transport within 3-4 and 6-7 days post-grafting, respectively, under room temperature conditions (9), and that elevated temperatures accelerate this process by approximately 24 hours (10). Woody perennials, on the other hand, require anywhere from weeks to months to form stable junctions (11, 12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated PET and confocal imaging informs a functional timeline for the dynamic process of vascular reconnection during grafting

Frank

Komarov

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Grafting is a widely used agricultural technique that involves the physical joining of separate plant parts so they form a unified vascular system, enabling beneficial traits from independent genotypes to be captured in a single plant. This simple, yet powerful tool has been used for thousands of years to improve abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, enhance yield, and alter plant architecture in diverse crop systems. Despite the global importance and ancient history of grafting, our understanding of the fundamental biological processes that make this technique successful remains limited, making it difficult to efficiently expand on new genotypic graft combinations. One of the key determinants of successful grafting is the formation of the graft junction, an anatomically unique region where xylem and phloem strands connect between newly joined plant parts to form a unified vascular system. Here, we use an integrated imaging approach to establish a spatiotemporal framework for graft junction formation in the model crop Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), a plant that is commonly grafted worldwide to boost yield and improve abiotic and biotic stress resistance. By combining Positron Emission Tomography (PET), a technique that enables the spatio-temporal tracking of radiolabeled molecules, with high-resolution laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), we are able to merge detailed, anatomical differentiation of the graft junction with a quantitative timeline for when xylem and phloem connections are functionally re-established. In this timeline, we identify a 72-hour window when anatomically connected xylem and phloem strands regain functional capacity, with phloem restoration typically preceding xylem restoration by about 24-hours. Furthermore, we identify heterogeneity in this developmental and physiological timeline that corresponds with microvariability in the physical contact between newly joined rootstock-scion tissues. Our integration of PET and confocal imaging technologies provides a spatio-temporal timeline that will enable future investigations into cellular and tissue patterning events that underlie successful versus failed vascular restoration across the graft junction.

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High temperature perception in leaves promotes vascular regeneration and graft formation in distant tissues

Cited by 22 publications

References 59 publications

Auxin-dependent acceleration of cell division rates regulates root growth at elevated temperature

Auxin-dependent acceleration of cell division rates regulates root growth at elevated temperature

PME-mediated pectin modifications promote haustoria initiation and xylem bridge development in the parasitic plantPhtheirospermum japonicum

Integrated PET and confocal imaging informs a functional timeline for the dynamic process of vascular reconnection during grafting

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