Based on the theoretical exploration of electronic structures, we propose that the ordered double perovskites LaAVRuO6 and LaVO3/ARuO3 (001) superlattice (A = Ca, Sr and Ba) are strong candidates for half-metallic (HM) antiferromagnets (AFMs). We have shown that the HM-AFM nature in LaAVRuO6 is very robust regardless of (i) divalent ion replacement at A-sites, (ii) oxygen site relaxation, (iii) the inclusion of the Coulomb correlation, and (iv) cation disorder. A type of the double exchange interaction is expected to be responsible for the half-metallicity and the antiferromagnetism in these systems.Since the observation of the room temperature colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) phenomenon in Sr 2 FeMoO 6 [1], intensive research efforts have been devoted to understanding electronic and magnetic properties of double perovskites with A 2 BB ′ O 6 formula unit (F.U.). The high transition temperature T C and the low field MR in double perovskites suggest the high spin-polarization of conduction electrons and the half-metallic (HM) ground state [1,2]. In fact, the HM property is considered to be closely related to the CMR phenomena observed in various materials [3,4]. It has also been proposed that the double perovskites can be a suitable candidate for the half-metallic (HM) antiferromagnet (AFM) [5]. The HM-AFM is a nonmagnetic metal, but its conduction electrons are perfectly spin-polarized. The HM-AFM is expected to play a vital role in the advanced spintronic devices that utilize the spin polarization of the conduction carriers. Furthermore, the success in synthesizing the ordered La 2 CrFeO 6 as an artificial superlattice of (111) layers of LaFeO 3 /LaCrO 3 stimulates research on developing new double perovskites with exotic properties [6]. The purpose of present work is to search for candidate materials in double perovskites having the HM-AFM characteristics.The first HM-AFM was proposed by van Leuken and de Groot [7] on the basis of the Heusler compound. Pickett [5] has also suggested that the double perovskite La 2 VMnO 6 can be a promising candidate for the HM-AFM. The local spin-density approximation (LSDA) band calculation in La 2 VMnO 6 indicates that only the minority t 2g bands of both V and Mn contribute to the density of states (DOS) 4+ ion has 2µ B in low spin state, and so, if they are antiferromagnetically coupled, the total magnetic moment will be zero. Another valence configuration of V 4+ (3d 1 ) and Ru 3+ (4d 5 ), albeit not so plausible, would also produce zero total magnetic moment.We have investigated electronic structures of mixedcation double perovskites LAVRO (A=Ca, Sr, Ba) using both the LSDA and the LSDA + U (U : Coulomb correlation interaction) scheme on the basis of the linearized muffin-tin orbitals (LMTO) band method [10]. We have considered LAVRO as a combined form of LaVO 3 and ARuO 3 perovskites. LaAVRO with the antiferromagnetic coupling of V and Ru spins corresponds to a superlattice having the layered structure of stacking along the [111] direction, as in La 2 CrFeO 6 . In t...