High-temperature solid oxide fuel cell — technical status

Feduska, W.; Isenberg, A. O.

doi:10.1016/0378-7753(83)80009-3

Cited by 77 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Silicon was used as an internal standard (a=543.1 pm). (13) The powder consisted of single phase LaCrO 3 , and no diffraction from other phases was observed in the diffractograms. For a complete structural characterization of the specimens, see reference 14.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…(15) The calorimeter was step-wise heated, and surrounded by electrically heated adiabatic and guard shields to control the adiabatic conditions. The sample of mass 86.56 g was enclosed in a vitreous-silica tube of volume about 50 cm 3 , which fitted tightly into the silver calorimeter. Following evacuation, helium at the pressure p(He)=0.6 kPa was added to enhance thermal equilibration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substitution of lanthanum(III) chromate(III) with alkaline-earth chromates(IV): MCrO 3 , M=Ca, Sr, or LaMgO 2.5 , giving La 1−x M x Cr 1−y M' y O 3−d (M=Ca, Sr; M'=Mg), enhances the electrical conductivity, and the solid-solution phases are frequently used as electrode material for magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) power generation, (1) and also as interconnect material in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC). (2)(3)(4)(5) In such applications the materials are often used at high temperatures, above T=1200 K, and sometimes in a highly reducing atmosphere e.g. below partial pressure p(O 2 ) =10 −13 Pa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lanthanum(III) chromate(III): LaCrO 3 , is a perovskite-type oxide which is chemically highly stable over wide ranges of temperature and partial pressure of O 2 . Substitution of lanthanum(III) chromate(III) with alkaline-earth chromates(IV): MCrO 3 , M=Ca, Sr, or LaMgO 2.5 , giving La 1−x M x Cr 1−y M' y O 3−d (M=Ca, Sr; M'=Mg), enhances the electrical conductivity, and the solid-solution phases are frequently used as electrode material for magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) power generation, (1) and also as interconnect material in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of lanthanum(III) chromate(III): LaCrO3, at temperatures from 298.15 K. Evaluation of the thermal conductivity

Sakai

Stølen

1995

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of lanthanum(III) chromate(III): LaCrO3, at temperatures from 298.15 K. Evaluation of the thermal conductivity

Sakai

Stølen

1995

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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“…The performance degradation was happened quickly within 1−2 h after the introduction of H 2 S into fuel, just like the previous studies. 16,[26][27][28][29] The similar performance degradation was also confirmed by using the thermally stable Ni-YSZ cermet anode (Figure 4). Hence, the degradation is the impact caused not by the morphology change but by the impurity H 2 S. In order to identify the existence form of sulfur on the Ni electrode at high temperature, the Ni model electrode was quenched in N 2 purge gas after the power generation in the 9.31 ppm-H 2 S/H 2 fuel at 900…”

Section: Characterization Of the Ni-ysz Anode Electrode In The H 2 Scmentioning

confidence: 72%

Prevention of Sulfur Poisoning and Performance Recovery of Sulfur-Poisoned-Anode Electrode by Shifting Anode Electrode Potential

Yamada

Okubo

Kinoshita

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The possibility of performance recovery of the sulfurated Ni-yttria stabilized zirconia anode electrode by shifting the anode electrode potential to the stable region, in which nickel exists as metal, is investigated. The effect of controlling the potential of the anode electrode to the stable region to suppress the generation of nickel sulfide is also revealed. The surface of Ni particle reacts with sulfur to form Ni 3 S 2 in a low temperature region; however, the nickel is reduced to metallic by shifting the electrode potential to −1.9 V vs reference electrode exposed to O 2 . When the potential of the Ni-based anode electrode is maintained at the value of ≤ −1.9 V vs the reference electrode potential, the sulfidation of nickel is inhibited. A small and high-performance solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system without any external equipment for fuel reforming has a potential as a power source for mobile machine like automobiles and robots. To realize the small SOFC system, the direct use of liquid hydrocarbon fuel, which has high energy density and is easy to storage and supply, is desirable. In order to use the existing fuel supply infrastructure, the SOFC should be operated by gasoline. For instance, gasoline sold in Japan contains H 2 S up to 10 ppm. Thus, the SOFC must be able to be stably operated at 10 ppm H 2 S-containing gasoline. A porous cermet of Ni and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), which has widely been studied as an anode electrode for the internal reforming operation SOFC, is one of promising anode electrode materials; however, performance degradation of anode electrode due to sulfur poisoning occurs by trace amounts of the impurity sulfur.1-9 To date, extensive efforts have been taken to gain a profound understanding of the sulfur poisoning by both experimental and theoretical approaches. Based on the knowledge, promising ways to suppress the sulfur poisoning and recover the degraded performance have discovered as was summarized and reviewed in some papers. [10][11][12] Previous studies revealed that the sulfur poisoning of the Ni-YSZ anode is a two-step process. The first process is physical-and/or chemical-adsorption of sulfur onto the surface of Ni particles 2,3,5,8,13 to block the active sites for electrochemical oxidation of fuel, and causes a rapid increase in anode overpotential. The subsequent second process is arise from the microstructure change and the formation of sulfur compounds such as Ni 3 S 2 and NiS, and generates a gradual degradation that lasts for hundred hours or even longer. [2][3][4][5][6]8,[13][14][15] The sulfur poisoning rate of both processes is dependent on the partial pressure of the sulfur species in the fuel and temperature, 1,3,5,7,8,16,17 and the poisoning is stopped and recovered by introducing a fuel that does not contain sulfur. 1,3,[5][6][7]9,15,16 However, the recovery by the introduction of pure gases (e.g., H 2 , N 2 ) without sulfur species is unrealistic because it is difficult to equip the pure gases in a limited space of the mobile machines. To overcom...

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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Hammou

1991

Advances in Electrochemical Sciences and Engineering

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High-temperature solid oxide fuel cell — technical status

Cited by 77 publications

References 2 publications

Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of lanthanum(III) chromate(III): LaCrO3, at temperatures from 298.15 K. Evaluation of the thermal conductivity

Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of lanthanum(III) chromate(III): LaCrO3, at temperatures from 298.15 K. Evaluation of the thermal conductivity

Prevention of Sulfur Poisoning and Performance Recovery of Sulfur-Poisoned-Anode Electrode by Shifting Anode Electrode Potential

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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