High-temperature stabilities of hydrocarbons

Stein, Stephen E.; Fahr, Askar

doi:10.1021/j100263a027

Cited by 319 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The results are shown in Table 2, which illustrates the several PAH groups of isomers at 202 u, 226 u, 252 u, 276 u, and 300 u to be among the more prominent. The presence of these stabilomer PAHs is confirmed in these more detailed analytical results which support the earlier thermodynamic prediction (Stein and Fahr 1985). The benzenoid PAHs of the IDF flame burning a pure gaseous fuel are in the mass range of 152 to 300 u.…”

Section: Chemical Properties Of Young and Carbonaceous Soots Small Sasupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The targeted PAHs found in the IDF show that eight of the compounds, ranging from the three-ring C 12 H 8 to the seven ring C 24 H 12 have structures that were specifically identified on the stabilomer grid (Stein and Fahr 1985). This prediction of chemical thermodynamics explains the universality of soot chemistry in a wide variety from flame types and hydrocarbon fuel compositions as has been noted in the past.…”

Section: Chemical Properties Of Young and Carbonaceous Soots Small Samentioning

confidence: 54%

“…These masses correspond to the PAHs previously identified in the oily matter on carbon blacks (Sweitzer and Heller 1956). Further, the LMMS analysis showed that the detected masses generally fell within the boundaries of the stabilomer grid representing the most stable PAHs at typical fuel-rich flame conditions (Stein and Fahr 1985). The presence of the pericondensed (most compact), benzenoid (consisting solely of six member rings) PAHs at the centerline of the stabilomer grid is noted.…”

Section: Chemical Properties Of Young and Carbonaceous Soots Small Samentioning

confidence: 81%

“…487 the prominence of the benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the mass range of 202 u to 300 u. Many of these masses correspond to stabilomer species or their isomers that were previously found by thermodynamic analysis to be the most stable PAHs at temperatures typical of hydrocarbon flames (Stein and Fahr 1985). The discovery of these stabilomer species accounts for their presence on the particulate product of a wide range of hydrocarbon fuels (Dobbins et al 1998).…”

Section: Precursor Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Hydrocarbon Nanoparticles Formed in Flames and Diesel Engines

Dobbins

2007

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The formation of nanoparticles in laboratory hydrocarbon flames is reviewed in terms of particle morphology, chemical composition, and health hazards. The nascent nanoparticles in the nucleation mode have been widely reported in diverse laboratory flames, and are distinguished by their occurrence as singlet particles that form translucent images in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their sizes range from about 10 nm or more down to 2 to 3 nm, the limit of resolution of the TEM, and they possess a liquid-like quality. These particles are widely considered to be the precursor stage to the more readily observed carbonaceous aggregates consisting of chained primary particles that are opaque to the electron beam of the TEM. Nanoparticles sampled from the inverse diffusion flame and the particle effluent from diesel engines show a strong resemblance by GCMS analysis, and they contain many of the stabilomer PAHs and their isomers in the 200 to 302 atomic mass range. Many of these chemical species have high relative mutagenicities. Distinctive bimodal particle size distributions can be observed in both flame and engine samples. Recent TEM micrographs of diesel particulates show images of precursor-like nanoparticles, of as yet unknown chemical composition, that are formed in a diesel engine at many operating conditions.

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Section: Chemical Properties Of Young and Carbonaceous Soots Small Sasupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Chemical Properties Of Young and Carbonaceous Soots Small Samentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Chemical Properties Of Young and Carbonaceous Soots Small Samentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Precursor Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Hydrocarbon Nanoparticles Formed in Flames and Diesel Engines

Dobbins

2007

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…La figure 9 représente un spectre de masse caractéristique de la composition de surface d'une suie. Il s'avère que tous les pics observés correspondent à des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP), dont la structure correspond à celle calculée par Stein and Fahr sur des bases thermodynamiques [8]. A partir de l'analyse des spectres de masse on peut établir des diagrammes H-C tout le long de la flamme.…”

Section: -P4unclassified

Croissance des HAP et des suies et transition phase gaz-phase solide dans les processus de combustion

Desgroux

Bakali

Mercier

2011

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. This article is addressed to a scientific community familiar to astrophysics, and most researchers are not familiar with combustion science. Thus the goal is to provide a basic understanding of "the flame" and the different steps that lead to soot particle formation in conditions that are generally close to atmospheric pressure and high temperature, i.e. in conditions far from those encountered in most astrophysical media. Some experimental techniques of sooty flame investigations will also be introduced. The main aim is to outline the concepts and the tools of combustion science to facilitate fruitful scientific exchanges between two communities that are motivated by the understanding of the formation and evolution of PAHs and soot-like particles, in completely different environments. It should be noted that the description does not pretend to be exhaustive at all and certain theoretical and experimental approaches are not described nor even mentioned.Résumé. Cet article s'adresse à une communauté «astrophysique» non familière avec la combustion. Il a pour but de donner quelques bases permettant de comprendre «la flamme» et les étapes chimiques principales conduisant à la formation de particules de suie dans un milieu généralement à pression atmosphérique et haute température, c'est-à-dire dans des conditions de pression et température très éloignées de celles rencontrées dans le milieu interstellaire. Certaines méthodes expérimentales d'investigation de flammes suitées sont également présentées. L'objectif étant de pouvoir jeter des ponts entre deux communautés éloignées mais rassemblées par un même intérêt pour les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et les particules de suie. Il est clair que la présentation qui est faite ici est très succincte et qu'elle fait l'impasse sur certaines théories, approches, méthodes expérimentales. . .

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Fulleren- und Rußbildung – Wege zu großen Teilchen in Flammen

Homann

1998

Angewandte Chemie

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High-temperature stabilities of hydrocarbons

Cited by 319 publications

References 2 publications

Hydrocarbon Nanoparticles Formed in Flames and Diesel Engines

Hydrocarbon Nanoparticles Formed in Flames and Diesel Engines

Croissance des HAP et des suies et transition phase gaz-phase solide dans les processus de combustion

Fulleren- und Rußbildung – Wege zu großen Teilchen in Flammen

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