“…Petroleum-based polymers including polyacrylamide, dicyclopentadiene, and petroleum resin are commonly used in diverse essential products to meet the basic human needs . The petroleum resin is an essential petroleum-based polymer produced by the polymerization of C9 aromatic fraction, which has the advantages of acid and alkali corrosion resistance, excellent water resistance, light aging resistance, miscibility, adhesion, and low production cost. , It is widely used in many industrial fields such as waterproofing agents, high-end inks, adhesives, and rubber additives. , In industry, petroleum resin is dissolved in the organic solvent cyclohexane and is prepared as a petroleum-based liquid . As a result, the various applications and preparations of petroleum resin involve numerous operations related to gas–liquid two-phase flow, e.g., the vapor stripping and distillation processes of polymerization to prepare petroleum resin, the foaming process of petroleum resin used to produce flame retardants, and the hydrogenation modification process of petroleum resin. , In these operations, the gas is shown as bubbles in the liquid with complex behaviors and the bubbles often appear as bubble swarms in the gas–liquid contactors.…”