High temperature steam oxidation study on Zr–2.5%Nb pressure tube under simulated LOCA condition

Vacuum-arc chromium-based coatings for protection of zirconium alloys from the high-temperature oxidation in air

“…As-reduced ingots are subjected to the double electron-beam remelting with magnetic mixing in the crucible. Comparative analysis of alloys is given in 3 3 To measure the nanohardness of protective layers and to perform X-ray diffraction analysis the coatings were also deposited on the 1.5 mm iodide zirconium disks of 15 mm in diameter. The coatings were only on the outer surface of tubes and on one side of the disc.…”

“…Extensive investigations have been carried out to find out the mechanisms of the hightemperature zirconium alloy oxidation in different media [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] and to develop the zirconium alloy protection techniques [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. It has been established that the ion implantation of different elements can change the structure and the composition of the zirconium oxide and thus improve its protective properties [8,9].…”

Formation of white oxide layer on Zr-14Nb alloy using thermal treatment

“…When pure Zr or Zr-Nb alloys with lower Nb concentrations were used, only a thin shiny black oxide layer was obtained in the same oxidation conditions as in this study. The color of the oxidized surface changed from shiny black to gray in tested samples oxidized to temperatures up to 850°C for 3 h, and those oxidized at 1050°C for 30 min contained localized white areas 21) . In the abovementioned study, the oxidation temperature was much higher and the oxidation time was much longer compared with that in our study.…”

Depth profile of oxide volume fractions of Zircaloy-2 in high-temperature steam: An in-situ synchrotron radiation study

“…Since the beginning of the commercial use of zirconium alloys as fuel cladding materials, the oxidation of zirconium alloys has been extensively investigated in various environments, including water [1][2][3], air [4], and steam [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Special interest has been paid to the steam environment due to its similarity to the environment encountered during a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA).…”

“…Special interest has been paid to the steam environment due to its similarity to the environment encountered during a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). The oxidation mechanisms and kinetics in steam have been widely studied at different temperatures and pressures [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The recent nuclear accident at Fukushima increased the importance of more fundamental research on the corrosion behavior of zirconium alloys [21].…”