High temperature studies

Sidorov, Lev N.

doi:10.1016/0168-1176(92)85083-c

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Mass spectrometric studies in high-temperature chemistry, aimed at the determination of thermodynamic properties for condensed phases and for gaseous molecules, mostly make use of Knudsen effusion (see, e.g., [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]17,20,21,[24][25][26][27][28]) or of vapor transport supersonic molecular beam sampling methods (see, e.g., [15,19]) to generate the molecular beam that is to be analyzed with respect to the nature and the pressure of the gaseous chemical entities present in the cell containing the sample.…”

Section: Analysis Of Factors Determining Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this period, a number of review papers have appeared describing instruments and experimental procedures in high-temperature mass spectrometry (HTMS) . Synopses of the results have also been presented [3][4][5][6][8][9][10]14,17,18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Data obtained by this technique for individual compounds, whether gaseous or in the condensed phase, are incorporated in tabulations of dissociation energies [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], of thermodynamic properties [32][33][34][35][36][37][38], and of ionization potentials [30,39,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-temperature mass spectrometry: Instrumental techniques, ionization cross-sections, pressure measurements, and thermodynamic data (IUPAC Technical Report)

Drowart

Chatillon

Hastie

et al. 2005

Pure and Applied Chemistry

234

184

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An assessment of high-temperature mass spectrometry and of sources of inaccuracy is made. Experimental, calculated, and estimated cross-sections for ionization of atoms and inorganic molecules typically present in high-temperature vapors are summarized. Experimental cross-sections determined for some 56 atoms are generally close to theoretically calculated values, especially when excitation–autoionization is taken into account. Absolute or relative cross-sections for formation of parent ions were measured for ca. 100 molecules. These include homonuclear diatomic and polyatomic molecules, oxides, chalcogenides, halides, and hydroxides. Additivity of atomic cross-sections supplemented by empirical corrections provides fair estimates of molecular cross-sections. Causes of uncertainty are differences in interatomic distances and in shapes of potential energy curves (surfaces) of neutral molecules and of molecular ions and tendency toward dissociative ionization in certain types of molecules. Various mass spectrometric procedures are described that render the accuracy of measured thermodynamic properties of materials largely independent of ionization cross-sections. This accuracy is comparable with that of other techniques applicable under the conditions of interest, but often only the mass spectrometric procedure is appropriate at high temperatures.

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Section: Analysis Of Factors Determining Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature mass spectrometry: Instrumental techniques, ionization cross-sections, pressure measurements, and thermodynamic data (IUPAC Technical Report)

Drowart

Chatillon

Hastie

et al. 2005

Pure and Applied Chemistry

234

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These surfaces are essentially at equilibrium with the vapor above the surface and are at a constant high surface temperature. As a result the mass spectra of ions from a Knudsen Cell can be used for determining the properties of anions, cations, and neutral molecules (Sidorov 1992). In some sense the reactions in the selvedge of a sputtered surface, when producing molecular fluoride anions, are more characteristic of explosions (Johnson & Siegel, 1969) initiated by the incoming Cs þ ions, than of chemical reactions at equilibrium as some multiple fluorides seem to be built up rapidly (Zhao et al, 2009a).…”

Section: The Versatile Cs þ Sputter Ion Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Mass spectrometry with accelerators

2010

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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As one in a series of articles on Canadian contributions to mass spectrometry, this review begins with an outline of the history of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), noting roles played by researchers at three Canadian AMS laboratories. After a description of the unique features of AMS, three examples, (14)C, (10)Be, and (129)I are given to illustrate the methods. The capabilities of mass spectrometry have been extended by the addition of atomic isobar selection, molecular isobar attenuation, further ion acceleration, followed by ion detection and ion identification at essentially zero dark current or ion flux. This has been accomplished by exploiting the techniques and accelerators of atomic and nuclear physics. In 1939, the first principles of AMS were established using a cyclotron. In 1977 the selection of isobars in the ion source was established when it was shown that the (14)N(-) ion was very unstable, or extremely difficult to create, making a tandem electrostatic accelerator highly suitable for assisting the mass spectrometric measurement of the rare long-lived radioactive isotope (14)C in the environment. This observation, together with the large attenuation of the molecular isobars (13)CH(-) and (12)CH 2(-) during tandem acceleration and the observed very low background contamination from the ion source, was found to facilitate the mass spectrometry of (14)C to at least a level of (14)C/C ~ 6 × 10(-16), the equivalent of a radiocarbon age of 60,000 years. Tandem Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, or AMS, has now made possible the accurate radiocarbon dating of milligram-sized carbon samples by ion counting as well as dating and tracing with many other long-lived radioactive isotopes such as (10)Be, (26)Al, (36)Cl, and (129)I. The difficulty of obtaining large anion currents with low electron affinities and the difficulties of isobar separation, especially for the heavier mass ions, has prompted the use of molecular anions and the search for alternative methods of isobar separation. These techniques are discussed in the latter part of the review.

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“…7 Subsequently, a series of studies dealing with the determination of the electron affinities of transition metal oxides and fluorides have been carried out. 8 For several years, the authors of the review 8 attempted to extend this method to organic compounds (in particular, compounds containing electronegative substituents and having high thermal stability, for example, perfluorinated derivatives) but were unable even to detect thermal anions (i.e., those resulting from thermal ionisation). Therefore, when publications appeared pointing to unique properties of fullerenes 9 and data on their thermal stability were obtained, 10,11 it became clear that the use of the IME method to study compounds of this class may prove successful.…”

Section: Ions and Molecules Of Fullerenes And Their Derivatives In Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endohedral metal derivatives and exohedral fluorine derivatives of fullerenes

Sidorov¹,

Boltalina²

2002

Russ. Chem. Rev.

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The thermodynamic studies of fullerenes and their stable The thermodynamic studies of fullerenes and their stable derivatives, namely, endohedral metallofullerenes and exohedral derivatives, namely, endohedral metallofullerenes and exohedral fullerene fluorides, are generalised. The methods of synthesis and fullerene fluorides, are generalised. The methods of synthesis and purification of fullerene fluorides are considered and the strucpurification of fullerene fluorides are considered and the structures of these compounds are characterised. The thermodynamic tures of these compounds are characterised. The thermodynamic properties of fullerenes and fullerene fluorides are discussed. The properties of fullerenes and fullerene fluorides are discussed. The bibliography includes 150 references bibliography includes 150 references. .

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High temperature studies

Cited by 12 publications

References 107 publications

High-temperature mass spectrometry: Instrumental techniques, ionization cross-sections, pressure measurements, and thermodynamic data (IUPAC Technical Report)

High-temperature mass spectrometry: Instrumental techniques, ionization cross-sections, pressure measurements, and thermodynamic data (IUPAC Technical Report)

Mass spectrometry with accelerators

Endohedral metal derivatives and exohedral fluorine derivatives of fullerenes

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