As
an intensively studied electrode material for secondary batteries,
TiS2 is known to exhibit high electrical conductivity without
extrinsic doping. However, the origin of this high conductivity, either
being a semimetal or a heavily self-doped semiconductor, has been
debated for several decades. Here, combining quasi-particle GW calculations,
density functional theory (DFT) study on intrinsic defects, and scanning
tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) measurements, we conclude
that stoichiometric TiS2 is a semiconductor with an indirect
band gap of about 0.5 eV. The high conductivity of TiS2 is therefore caused by heavy self-doping. Our DFT results suggest
that the dominant donor defect that is responsible for the self-doping
under thermal equilibrium is Ti interstitial, which is corroborated
by our STM/STS measurements.