High throughput investigation of an emergent and naturally abundant 2D material: Clinochlore

Oliveira, Raphaela de; Guallichico, Luis A. G.; Policarpo, Eduardo; Cadore, Alisson R.; Freitas, Raul O.; Silva, Francisco M. C. da; Teixeira, Verônica C.; Paniago, R.; Chacham, H.; Matos, Matheus J. S.; Malachias, A.; Barcelos, Ingrid D.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153959

Cited by 16 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Layered materials (LMs) possess exquisite electrical, optical, and mechanical properties that have been predicted theoretically − and measured experimentally by Raman spectroscopy, − infrared spectroscopy, − and other analytical techniques. − The potential use of LMs as building blocks for future ultrathin and flexible devices , has created interest from both scientific and economic perspectives to search for and characterize LMs that are easily obtained in nature. − Talc, also known as soapstone, is an abundant, naturally occurring magnesium hydrosilicate mineral from the phyllosilicate group and is the softest known mineral . It is an electrical insulator (bandgap of ∼5 eV) , and allows for excellent basal cleavage, with layers held together by van der Waals forces, , making it an excellent target for future low-cost optoelectronic applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman and Far-Infrared Synchrotron Nanospectroscopy of Layered Crystalline Talc: Vibrational Properties, Interlayer Coupling, and Symmetry Crossover

et al. 2023

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Talc is an insulating layered material that is stable at ambient conditions and has high-quality basal cleavage, which is a major advantage for its use in van der Waals heterostructures. Here, we use near-field synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations to investigate the structural and vibrational properties of talc crystals, ranging from monolayer to bulk, in the 300–750 and <60 cm–1 spectral windows. We observe a symmetry crossover from mono to bilayer talc samples, attributed to the stacking of adjacent layers. The in-plane lattice parameters and frequencies of intralayer modes of talc display weak dependence on the number of layers, consistent with a weak interlayer interaction. On the other hand, the low-frequency (<60 cm–1) rigid-layer (interlayer) modes of talc are suitable to identify the number of layers in ultrathin talc samples, besides revealing strong in-plane and out-of-plane anisotropy in the interlayer force constants and related elastic stiffnesses of single crystals. The shear and breathing force constants of talc are found to be 66 and 28%, respectively, lower than those of graphite, making talc an excellent lubricant that can be easily exfoliated. Our results broaden the understanding of the structural and vibrational properties of talc at the nanoscale regime and serve as a guide for future ultrathin heterostructures applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman and Far-Infrared Synchrotron Nanospectroscopy of Layered Crystalline Talc: Vibrational Properties, Interlayer Coupling, and Symmetry Crossover

et al. 2023

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“…Within this class of LMs, we can identify Fe as the main source of point defects that are naturally present in those minerals. 20,27,29 As an abundant element in the geological formation environment of phyllosilicates, 92 Fe can be present as a substitutional impurity at different sites, coordination, and valence states simultaneously.…”

Section: A Structural and Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A less expressive amount of other substitutional impurities, such as Mn, Ti and Cr, has already been reported in the literature. 20,27,35,93 However, it has been shown that Fe plays a crucial role in determining the macroscopic properties of phyllosilicates, such as magnetism 36,37 , bandgap energy reduction 20,27,94 and vibrational fingerprints distortion. 92 The magnetism that arises in phyllosilicates due to Fe impurities is highly dependent on the Fe concentration and the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ ratio.…”

Section: A Structural and Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17][18][19] Phyllosilicate minerals are wide bandgap insulators, stable in different environments, and abundant in nature. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] They present a layered structure that enables their exfoliation down to 1L. 20,23,28,29 The variety of phyllosilicate specimens arises from ionic substitutions with different geometric arrangements of atoms within the crystal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the challenges in using naturally occurring vdWs materials for 2D-based applications is the existence of impurities and defects in their crystal lattice. 2,20,22,27,29,[35][36][37] There can be point defects (e.g., vacancies, substitutional or interstitial impurities) or extended defects (e.g., grain boundaries, twin planes…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phyllosilicates as earth-abundant layered materials for electronics and optoelectronics: Prospects and challenges in their ultrathin limit

Barcelos,

de Oliveira,

Schleder

et al. 2023

Journal of Applied Physics

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Phyllosilicate minerals are an emerging class of naturally occurring layered insulators with large bandgap energy that have gained attention from the scientific community. This class of lamellar materials has been recently explored at the ultrathin two-dimensional level due to their specific mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optoelectronic properties, which are crucial for engineering novel devices (including heterostructures). Due to these properties, phyllosilicate minerals can be considered promising low-cost nanomaterials for future applications. In this Perspective article, we will present relevant features of these materials for their use in potential 2D-based electronic and optoelectronic applications, also discussing some of the major challenges in working with them.

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Probing Magnetic Ordering in Air Stable Iron‐Rich Van der Waals Minerals

Khan

Peil

Sharma

et al. 2023

Advanced Physics Research

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Magnetic monolayers show great promise for future applications in nanoelectronics, data storage, and sensing. The research in magnetic two‐dimensional (2D) materials focuses on synthetic iodides and tellurides, which suffer from a lack of ambient stability. So far, naturally occurring layered magnetic materials have been overlooked. These minerals offer a unique opportunity to explore complex air‐stable layered systems with high concentration of magnetic ions. Magnetic ordering in iron‐rich phyllosilicates is demonstrated, focusing on minnesotaite, annite, and biotite. These naturally occurring layered materials integrate local moment baring ions of iron via magnesium/aluminum substitution in their octahedral sites. Self‐inherent capping by silicate/aluminate tetrahedral groups enables air stability of ultra‐thin layers. Their structure and iron oxidation states are determined via Raman and X‐ray spectroscopies. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry measurements are performed to examine the magnetic ordering. Paramagnetic or superparamagnetic characteristics at room temperature are observed. Below 40 K ferrimagnetic or antiferromagnetic ordering occurs. In‐field magnetic force microscopy on exfoliated flakes confirms that the paramagnetic response at room temperature persists down to monolayers. Further, a correlation between the mixture of the oxidation states of iron and the critical ordering temperature is established, indicating a path to design materials with higher critical temperatures via oxidation state engineering.

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High throughput investigation of an emergent and naturally abundant 2D material: Clinochlore

Cited by 16 publications

References 77 publications

Raman and Far-Infrared Synchrotron Nanospectroscopy of Layered Crystalline Talc: Vibrational Properties, Interlayer Coupling, and Symmetry Crossover

Raman and Far-Infrared Synchrotron Nanospectroscopy of Layered Crystalline Talc: Vibrational Properties, Interlayer Coupling, and Symmetry Crossover

Phyllosilicates as earth-abundant layered materials for electronics and optoelectronics: Prospects and challenges in their ultrathin limit

Probing Magnetic Ordering in Air Stable Iron‐Rich Van der Waals Minerals

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