High throughput liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry bioanalysis using 96-well disk solid phase extraction plate for the sample preparation

Simpson, Heidi; Berthemy, Antoine; Buhrman, Deborah; Burton, Regina; Newton, John F.; Kealy, Michael; Wells, David A.; Wu, David

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(19980131)12:2<75::aid-rcm112>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 108 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…The need for fast sample preparation has led to the development of automated SPE, which is widely used (Davies et al, 1999;Iwasa et al, 1999;Marchese et al, 1998;Schänzle et al, 1999;Streel et al, 1998) MS and MS/MS (Mutlib et al, 1999a,b) Delavirdine ( (Davies et al, 1999) Diastereomers of 5'-hydroxy-thalidomide Linear and SIM (Meyring et al, 1999) Eltanolone ( frequently in conjunction with very short run times (Hempenius et al, 1999;Zweigenbaum et al, 1999), thus affording high sample throughput. The development and characterization of one of the commercially-available 96-well SPE systems is described by Simpson et al, (1998). Liquid-liquid extraction is by its own nature less amenable to automation, but in a paper by Zhang, et al (2000a,b) a semi-automated liquid-liquid extraction method was used for the quantification of drugs in plasma using 96-well plates.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the study of the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics

Oliveira

Watson

2000

Biomed. Chromatogr.

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The application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to the study of metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics is reviewed. Original research papers covering the period from 1998 to early 2000 and concerning the use of LC/MS in the study of xenobiotic metabolism in humans and other mammalian species are reviewed. LC/MS interfaces, sample preparation steps, column types, mobile phases and additives, and the type of metabolites detected are summarized and discussed in an attempt to identify the current and future trends in the use of LC/MS for metabolism studies. Applications are listed according to the parent xenobiotic type and include substances used in therapeutics, drug candidates, compounds being evaluated in clinical trials, environmental pollutants, adulterants and naturally occurring substances.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the study of the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics

Oliveira

Watson

2000

Biomed. Chromatogr.

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“…The 96-well instruments can execute automated off-line extraction and sample clean-ups. Automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], liquid/liquid extraction (LLE) [38][39][40][41][42][43][44], and protein precipitation (PP) [45,46] all can be performed in 96-well format. Both cartridge and disc in 96-well SPE formats have been successfully used.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Development, Validation, and Transfer for High Throughput Bioanalytical LC-MS/MS Methods

Zhou¹,

Song²,

Tang³

et al. 2005

CPA

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Swift growth in the use of LC-MS/MS for the analysis of drugs in biological matrices has been compelled by the need for timely and high-quality data at many stages in drug discovery and development process: from high throughput screening of drug candidates and rapid data generation for pre-clinical studies to almost 'real-time' analysis of clinical samples. Prompt and rational method development, validation, and transfer play a pivotal role in achieving the goals of "faster, better, and cheaper" for pharmacokinetic studies since this could easily account for more than 50% of the time and labor resources for a moderate-sized project. Strategy for rational method development, validation and transfer has been largely kept as institutional knowledge but rarely appeared in literature. In this review article, strategies for developing and validating robust high throughput LC-MS/MS methods will be critically reviewed and discussed. Automated sample preparation, fast chromatography, minimization of matrix effects, and strategy of narrowing the gap between validation and incurred sample analysis are just a few topics covered in this review. Other interesting approaches for improving method efficiency and ruggedness such as direct injection SPE and liquid/liquid extracts as well as multiplexing of LC columns will also be discussed. Potential pitfalls during method development and validation are pointed out. At the end, the question "how fast is fast enough and how fast is too fast?" will be answered after considering all aspects of the method development and validation.

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“…The principles, operation procedures and applications of these methods have been described. [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] In these methods, a robotic liquid handling system is used to handle and process samples automatically, thus eliminating the time consuming manual steps in sample preparation.…”

Section: Fig 5 Hplc-esi-ms Separation Of Tamoxifen and Metabolites mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Developments in LC-MS for Pharmaceutical Analysis

Lim

Lord

2002

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

151

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Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an analytical technique that couples high resolution chromatographic separation with sensitive and specific mass spectrometric detection. This includes high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-MS, capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS and more recently capillary electrochromatography (CEC)-MS. The technique is still fast developing, particularly in the mass spectrometry area, with vastly improved sensitivity and resolution. It is probably the most powerful technique currently available for pharmaceutical analysis.This review is intended as a discussion on the current developments of LC-MS in pharmaceutical analysis rather than a review of literature alone. Various LC-MS techniques will be described briefly and the advantages and disadvantages of each will be discussed. DEVELOPMENTS IN LC-MS Brief History of LC-MSThe last twenty years has seen a dramatic increase in the capabilities of MS. At the beginning of this period the invention of fast atom bombardment (FAB), by Barber et al. in 1981, 1) enabled easier analysis of involatile and thermally unstable molecules, especially those of biological interest. It may be argued that this technique acted as a catalyst for the development of other ionization techniques, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI), applicable to such molecules.The combination of liquid chromatographic techniques with MS has been an important development. Early interfaces were concerned with coping with the potential of 1 l/min vapour in the MS ionisation source vacuum that would be generated by eluent from typical analytical columns flowing at 1 ml/min. This was achieved by evaporating solvent on a heated moving belt, 2,3) or the use of very low flows, such as direct liquid introduction 4,5) and continuousflow FAB (CF-FAB).6) Thermospray 7) and particle beam 8) interfaces were improved methods during the 1980s.Atmospheric Pressure Ionization (ESI and APCI) Over the last decade, ESI and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), have become the dominant techniques superseding thermospray etc. and are likely to remain so for the foreseeable future being inherently the most suitable for analytes in solution presented to the MS. ESI was originally proposed by Dole,9) who suggested using charged droplets as a source of ions for MS and Fenn 10) pioneered its development as an ionization source for MS, leading to the first commercially available instrument in 1989.In essence, the electrospray process involves producing a fine spray of ionized droplets from the outlet of a capillary carrying a liquid stream, which may be eluent from HPLC, CE, CEC or direct infusion of sample solution. This is achieved by applying a high voltage (typically 3-5 kV) to the outlet of the capillary at the spray tip, which creates a high electric potential and causes the production of a fine mist of droplets. This occurs at atmospheric pressure, hence the term atmospheric pressure ionization (API), is used. Thi...

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High throughput liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry bioanalysis using 96-well disk solid phase extraction plate for the sample preparation

Cited by 108 publications

References 1 publication

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the study of the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the study of the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics

Critical Review of Development, Validation, and Transfer for High Throughput Bioanalytical LC-MS/MS Methods

Current Developments in LC-MS for Pharmaceutical Analysis

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