High-Throughput Nanohole Array Based System To Monitor Multiple Binding Events in Real Time

Ji, Jin; O’Connell, J. Garland; Carter, David J. D.; Larson, Dale

doi:10.1021/ac7023206

Cited by 93 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Early work on the fabrication of hole-arrays in metals (for the development of NSOM applications) used electron beam lithography [5,6], and this method is still used in some cases, for example, in combination with sputter etching [186,211]. Focused-ion beam (FIB) milling [212] has been used extensively to create hole-arrays [7].…”

Section: Fabrication Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant optical transmission through hole‐arrays in metal films: physics and applications

Gordon¹,

Brolo

Sinton

et al. 2010

Laser & Photonics Reviews

162

104

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Extraordinary optical transmission through an array of holes in a metal film was reported by Ebbesen and coworkers in 1998. Since that work there has been abundant research activity aimed at understanding the physics and at the development of the many applications associated with this phenomenon, hence the topic of this review. The study of hole-arrays in a metal is not new -theoretical contributions on a small-hole array date back to Lord Rayleigh's description of Wood's anomaly in 1907 and there has been considerable research on metal meshes and holearrays since 1962. Bethe's theory, adapted to treat hole-arrays, is the simplest theoretical description of the transmission resonance. Following a description of this basic theory, we present the research on the additional effects from variations in real metal properties at different wavelengths, film thickness, holeshape and lattice configuration. The many promising applications being developed using hole-arrays are examined, including polarization control, filtering, switching, nonlinear optics, surface plasmon resonance sensing, surface-enhanced fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, absorption spectroscopy, and quantum interactions. Finally, the various approaches, developments in hole-array fabrication, and integration of hole-arrays into devices are described. (top left) Schematic of resonant transmission through nanohole array using scanning electron microscope image of as-fabricated sample. (top right) Microfluidic chip incorporating nanohole arrays. (bottom) Composite image of array of nanohole arrays used as sensors in a immunoassay-like microfluidic device, showing (left to right) schematic of microfluidic layout, microscope image of arrays in microfluidic channels, and laser transmission modified by adsorbed molecules.

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Section: Fabrication Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant optical transmission through hole‐arrays in metal films: physics and applications

Gordon¹,

Brolo

Sinton

et al. 2010

Laser & Photonics Reviews

162

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As in SPR, the angle of incident light along with wavelength may be varied, and spectroscopic readout techniques may be used [16,17,19,20]. In a simplified approach that offers fast (<1s) monitoring of the entire sensor area, monochromatic light is used to illuminate the sensing surface and a charge couple device (CCD) chip (camera) is placed in focus behind the sensor [18]. The CCD measures the transmission intensity of each nanohole array sensor simultaneously, and has been shown to enable monitoring of up to 20,164 sensors [18].…”

Section: B Instrumentation and Sensor Chip Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a simplified approach that offers fast (<1s) monitoring of the entire sensor area, monochromatic light is used to illuminate the sensing surface and a charge couple device (CCD) chip (camera) is placed in focus behind the sensor [18]. The CCD measures the transmission intensity of each nanohole array sensor simultaneously, and has been shown to enable monitoring of up to 20,164 sensors [18]. If a microscope objective is placed between the sensor chip and the camera an ultra-high density of sensors (>10 7 /cm 2 ) can be probed by scanning the chip [19].…”

Section: B Instrumentation and Sensor Chip Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ng/ml) as opposed to a molar value, because the weight (and corresponding index of refraction influence) can vary at a given molar concentration. That given, it is convenient to report molar LoD, and reports have shown a LoD of 13nM for anti-glutathione S-transferase (GST) in a highly multiplexed nanohole array sensor format [18]. This is again promising for technology that has yet benefitted from specific parameter and instrumentation optimization.…”

Section: Performance Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chip interfaces to a instrumentation setup as previously reported [18]. Briefly, a 635nm diode laser illuminates a 1cm 2 area of the chip.…”

Section: B Metastatic Melanoma Biomarker Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanohole Array Sensor Technology: Multiplexed Label-Free Protein Binding Assays

et al. 2010

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Abstract-We present a review of current implementations of nanohole array sensor technology and discuss future trends for this technique applied to multiplexed, label-free protein binding assays. Nanohole array techniques are similar to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) techniques in that local refractive index changes at the sensor surface, correlated to protein binding events, are probed and detected optically. Nanohole array sensing differs by use of a transmission based mode of optical detection, extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) that eliminates the need for prism coupling to the surface and provides high spatial and temporal resolution for chip-based assays. This enables nanohole array sensor technology to combine the real time label-free analysis of SPR with the multiplexed assay format of protein microarrays. Various implementations and configurations of nanohole array sensing have been demonstrated, but the use of this technology for specific research or commercial applications has yet to be realized. In this review, we discuss the potential applications of nanohole sensor array technology and the impact of that each application has on nanohole array sensor, instrument and assay design. A specific example presented is a multiplexed biomarker assay for metastatic melanoma, which focuses on biomarker specificity in human serum and ultimate levels of detection. This example demonstrates strategies for chip layout and the integration of microfluidic channels to take advantage of the high spatial resolution achievable with this technique. Finally, we evaluate the potential of nanohole array sensor technology against current trends in SPR and protein micro-arrays, providing direction towards development of this tool to fill unmet needs in protein analysis.

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Large‐Area Fabrication of Periodic Arrays of Nanoholes in Metal Films and Their Application in Biosensing and Plasmonic‐Enhanced Photovoltaics

Menezes¹,

Ferreira²,

Santos³

et al. 2010

Adv Funct Materials

130

107

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Plasmonics is a fast developing research area with a great potential for practical applications. However, the implementation of plasmonic devices requires low cost methodologies for the fabrication of organized metallic nanostructures that covers a relative large area (∼1 cm2). Here the patterning of periodic arrays of nanoholes (PANHs) in gold films by using a combination of interference lithography, metal deposition, and lift off is reported. The setup allows the fabrication of periodic nanostructures with hole diameters ranging from 110 to 1000 nm, for 450 and 1800 nm of periodicity, respectively. The large areas plasmonic substrates consist of 2 cm × 2 cm gold films homogeneously covered by nanoholes and gold films patterned with a regular microarray of 200 μm diameter circular patches of PANHs. The microarray format is used for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging and its potential for applications in multiplex biosensing is demonstrated. The gold films homogeneously covered by nanoholes are useful as electrodes in a thin layer organic photovoltaic. This is first example of a large area plasmonic solar cell with organized nanostructures. The fabrication approach reported here is a good candidate for the industrial‐scale production of metallic substrates for plasmonic applications in photovoltaics and biosensing.

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High-Throughput Nanohole Array Based System To Monitor Multiple Binding Events in Real Time

Cited by 93 publications

References 51 publications

Resonant optical transmission through hole‐arrays in metal films: physics and applications

Resonant optical transmission through hole‐arrays in metal films: physics and applications

Nanohole Array Sensor Technology: Multiplexed Label-Free Protein Binding Assays

Large‐Area Fabrication of Periodic Arrays of Nanoholes in Metal Films and Their Application in Biosensing and Plasmonic‐Enhanced Photovoltaics

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