High-throughput proteomics uncovers exercise training and type 2 diabetes–induced changes in human white adipose tissue

Abstract

White adipose tissue (WAT) is important for metabolic homeostasis. We established the differential proteomic signatures of WAT in glucose-tolerant lean and obese individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the response to 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Using a high-throughput and reproducible mass spectrometry–based proteomics pipeline, we identified 3773 proteins and found that most regulated proteins displayed progression in markers of dysfunctional WAT from lean to obese to T2D individuals and were highly associated with clinical measures such as insulin sensitivity and HbA1c. We propose that these distinct markers could serve as potential clinical biomarkers. HIIT induced only minor changes in the WAT proteome. This included an increase in WAT ferritin levels independent of obesity and T2D, and WAT ferritin levels were strongly correlated with individual insulin sensitivity. Together, we report a proteomic signature of WAT related to obesity and T2D and highlight an unrecognized role of human WAT iron metabolism in exercise training adaptations.

Cheap, Robust and Versatile Two-Dimensional Chromatography system for Proteomics of Nanogram Scale Samples

“…We hypothesized the Evosep One could be a robust platform for nanoLC fractionation since the trap column is single use and elution is only up to 40% acetonitrile, eliminating the transfer of the more hydrophobic junk on to the analytical column. These two features substantially improve robustness and has established the Evosep One as a formidable choice for high throughput proteomics 10, 34 and will allow low intervention fractionation. To convert this system for fractionation we need to assess the system’s ability to operate at a basic pH as this is now considered optimal for the first dimension of a 2D RP-RP system.…”

“…These two features substan ally improve robustness and has established the Evosep One as a formidable choice for high throughput proteomics 10,34 and will allow low interven on frac ona on.…”

Repurposed 3D Printer Allows Economical and Programmable Fraction Collection for Proteomics of Nanogram Scale Samples

“…We hypothesized that the Evosep One could be a robust platform for nano-LC fractionation since the trap column is single use and elution is only up to 40% acetonitrile, eliminating the transfer of the more hydrophobic junk on to the analytical column. These two features substantially improve the robustness, has established Evosep One as a formidable choice for high throughput proteomics, , and will allow low intervention fractionation. To convert this system for fractionation, we need to assess the system’s ability to operate at a basic pH as this is now considered optimal for the first dimension of a 2D RP–RP system.…”