High-throughput screening assay for the environmental water samples using cellular response profiles

Ecotoxicology Goes on a Chip: Embracing Miniaturized Bioanalysis in Aquatic Risk Assessment

“…Despite the potential for automation and subsequent increase in throughput of experimental setups, tasks as simple as manipulation and dispensing of test specimens remain labor-intensive. − Furthermore, even the most basic of readouts easily amenable for automated assessment in high-throughput, such as measurements of organism viability or growth with high accuracy, have also not been addressed. As a result of those major technical shortcomings, aquatic ecotoxicity biotests are still performed manually, are time-consuming, laborious, and inconsistent. − …”

“…Such directives introduced the “no data, no market” principle that attempts to enforce regulations that only substances with known ecotoxicological properties will be given authorization for commercialization and introduction to markets . To satisfy the analytical demands required by the global chemical management programs aquatic ecotoxicity screening needs to adopt high-throughput bioanalytical screening platforms. − Such efforts have been postulated by recent initiatives such as the National Toxicology Program () and the Computational Toxicology Research () program in the USA but apart from some cell-free assays, remain largely unfulfilled. − ,, …”

“…One of the main postulates leading to transition from in vivo animal testing to in vitro tests using cell lines depends on the elucidation of largely conserved evolutionary molecular pathways of toxicity (Figures and ). The pathways perturbed by the chemicals exposure can be theoretically extrapolated into a broader toxicity framework, applicable to individuals and populations, using computer pharmacokinetic and exposure models, as well as in silico stochastic probability simulations. ,, In vitro bioassays can be performed on isolated primary cells, cell lines, bacteria, algae, and single-cellular Protista using robotic high-throughput screening. , The latter systems are, however, very complex, expensive and in reality only affordable to pharmaceutical industry that can justify the costs of ruinously running such tests …”

“…41,42,62 In vitro bioassays can be performed on isolated primary cells, cell lines, bacteria, algae, and single-cellular Protista using robotic high-throughput screening. 19,63 The latter systems are, however, very complex, expensive and in reality only affordable to pharmaceutical industry that can justify the costs of ruinously running such tests. 63 From the perspective of cell-based toxicity screening LOC systems provide here significant advantages for high-throughput in vitro bioassays studies that can be performed at a fraction of the cost of conventional robotic systems.…”

Toxicity Prediction: An Application of Alternative Testing and Computational Toxicology in Contaminated Groundwater Sites in Taiwan

“…High-throughput screening (HTS) capable of testing hundreds of thousands of chemical compounds across numerous bioassays in a variety of in vitro models has, therefore, become an integral aspect of the Tox21 program (Richard et al, 2016;Shukla et al, 2010;Tice et al, 2013). The cell-based approach has been conducted by previous researchers to investigate the toxicity of environmental water samples including groundwater (Helma et al, 1998;Masood et al, 2021;Pan et al, 2015;Schirmer et al, 2004). Nevertheless, the number of new chemicals that need to be tested and prioritized is rapidly increasing.…”