High throughput synthesis and characterization of PNIPAM-based kinetic hydrate inhibitors

Silveira, Kelly Cristine da; Sheng, Qi; Tian, Wendy; Fong, Celesta; Maeda, Nobuyo; Lucas, Elizabete F.; Wood, Colin D.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.075

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In pipelines, using antiagglomerants will cause the hydrate to form, but the formed hydrate can still flow within the production stream as a slurry inside the liquid hydrocarbon phase (pipeline antiagglomerants). In gas wells, the antiagglomerants work by dispersing the gas hydrate crystals in excess of free water using a gas-well antiagglomerant class of materials. ,− …”

Section: Chemical Prevention Of Gas Hydrate Plugging In Conduitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safer Dual-Functional Gas Hydrate Dissolver and Inhibitor to Replace Methanol

et al. 2021

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In the presence of free water and under certain conditions of temperature and pressure, low-molecular-weight gases such as methane and ethane present in the fluid stream flowing in pipelines cause the formation of gas hydrate crystals. These gas hydrate crystals may accumulate and cause a partial or complete plugging of pipelines in the vertical or horizontal section. Methanol has been used in the industry as an effective gas hydrate dissolver and inhibitor, but its low flashpoint temperature makes it unsafe to be stored and pumped in large volumes. The objective of the current work is to develop a safer dissolver and inhibitor for gas hydrate plugs that form in pipelines. Methanol has a very low freezing point (−90 °C) and it is completely miscible with water, which can shift the hydrate phase equilibrium to lower temperatures. Solvent- and aqueous-based formulations were selected as alternatives to methanol, keeping in mind parameters such as higher flashpoint, miscibility with water, freezing point, viscosity, and local availability. The performance of these formulations was evaluated in a see-through gas hydrate reactor. Representative gas and water compositions were used in the experiments to form the gas hydrate inside the reactor. Hydrate formation was detected by the change in torque or by visual inspection through the see-through window of the reactor. Methanol was able to mobilize the hydrate plug when used at 10 vol %, while complete dissolution was achieved at 30 vol %. In comparison, the potassium formate saturated solution achieved complete dissolution of the hydrate plugs at 10 vol % in a lesser time compared to methanol. The tested formulations worked not only as a dissolver but also as an inhibitor to prevent the formation of hydrates once they are melted or dissolved. These formulations enable safer operations in the field and improve the performance when it comes to melting gas hydrate plugs.

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Section: Chemical Prevention Of Gas Hydrate Plugging In Conduitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safer Dual-Functional Gas Hydrate Dissolver and Inhibitor to Replace Methanol

et al. 2021

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“…A etapa experimental envolve a utilização do novo aparato experimental (em processo de depósito de patente) desenvolvido no Laboratório Paulo Márcio de Mello de Ensaios Mecânicos e Metrologia (LEMec), do Instituto Politécnico da UERJ, permitindo o estudo do fenômeno de difusão durante a formação de hidratos de ciclopentano. Com base em tecnologias de alto rendimento (High-Throughput Technologies -HTT), a avaliação de diferentes sistemas é garantida com maior economia de tempo e material (MAEDA et al, 2016;DA SILVEIRA et al, 2017). A aplicação dessa tecnologia permite uma rápida aquisição de dados experimentais, onde múltiplas amostras podem ser avaliadas paralelamente, contribuindo para a otimização do cronograma experimental para este projeto.…”

Section: Protocolo Experimentalunclassified

Estudo Preliminar Teórico-Experimental Do Processo Difusivo Na Formação De Hidratos De Ciclopentano a Partir De Gelo Em Pó

Filho¹,

Barros²,

Barreira³

et al. 2019

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Hidratos de gás são compostos cristalinos formados por moléculas de água, capazes de aprisionar pequenas moléculas apolares, como o metano, o gás carbônico e o ciclopentano. Esses cristais têm sido amplamente investigados pela indústria e meio acadêmico, recebendo destaque, mais recentemente, como uma nova tecnologia com aplicações diversas, especialmente, no setor energético. A tecnologia de hidratos, como um novo método, introduz o desafio de otimizar o conteúdo de gás, mantendo a estabilidade em condições brandas, seguras e econômicas. A partir de uma investigação teórico-experimental, o processo difusivo envolvido na formação do hidrato de ciclopentano, a partir de gelo em pó esférico, é caracterizado computacionalmente. Buscando um melhor entendimento da cinética do processo de formação, que ainda hoje permanece pouco compreendida, este estudo apresenta o desenvolvimento de um novo protocolo experimental, especialmente idealizado para o modelo computacional empregado na investigação do processo de formação de hidrato de ciclopentano. Os resultados preliminares são promissores. O protocolo experimental desenvolvido é eficiente, apesar de simples e de baixo custo, mostrando-se em total concordância com a geometria do problema computacional em avaliação. A aplicação dos dados experimentais do hidrato de ciclopentano ao modelo, inicialmente desenvolvido apenas para o hidrato de metano, mostra-se adequado dentro dos parâmetros abordados para este estudo.

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“…[ 25 ] Thermodynamic additives inhibit the formation of hydrates, while kinetic ones modify the time required for the hydrate formation, allowing the system to get out of the physical conditions that provide its formation. [ 26–28 ] Industrially, thermodynamic inhibitors are said to be safer; however, the quantities required are excessively high, which can impact other production processes. A very common thermodynamic additive is monoethylene glycol (MEG), which is widely used due to its low vapour pressure and total solubility in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A very common thermodynamic additive is monoethylene glycol (MEG), which is widely used due to its low vapour pressure and total solubility in water. [ 28,29 ] In offshore operations, MEG is generally injected at the wellhead to ensure the flow of the fluid from the well to the platform. The MEG injected in the well returns to the platform as a mixture of water + MEG + natural gas, where the MEG is recovered for reuse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of monoethylene glycol on the stability of water‐in‐oil emulsions

et al. 2021

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It is important from both a strategic and economic standpoint to study the mechanism of formation of water/oil emulsions, to predict their increase of viscosity with respect to that of the crude oil, and to obtain information about the stability vs separation of these substances (since their presence can impair oil processing and distribution). The objective of this work was to ascertain the influence of monoethylene glycol (MEG) on these parameters and its action mechanism. The addition of MEG in different proportions in the oil emulsions significantly changed the flow curve of the emulsion, passing from a quasi‐Newtonian one to a shear thinning behaviour. Besides this, when MEG was present at low concentrations, the demulsification process was slow and an increase in concentration made the emulsions more stable than samples containing the same aqueous phase proportion. Under the conditions studied, the addition of MEG did not reduce the quantity of the aqueous phase separated compared to the emulsions free of MEG, but significantly delayed the demulsification process. Rheology provided important information regarding the phase separation process of the aqueous phase in oil phase emulsions, and dynamic testing suggested that the most relevant effect of the addition of MEG is an increase of the emulsion elasticity that can be correlated with the increase in the emulsion stability observed by bottle test and Turbiscan.

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High throughput synthesis and characterization of PNIPAM-based kinetic hydrate inhibitors

Cited by 37 publications

References 34 publications

Safer Dual-Functional Gas Hydrate Dissolver and Inhibitor to Replace Methanol

Safer Dual-Functional Gas Hydrate Dissolver and Inhibitor to Replace Methanol

Estudo Preliminar Teórico-Experimental Do Processo Difusivo Na Formação De Hidratos De Ciclopentano a Partir De Gelo Em Pó

The effect of monoethylene glycol on the stability of water‐in‐oil emulsions

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