High-tide flooding disrupts local economic activity

Hino, Miyuki; Belanger, S. T.; Field, Christopher B.; Davies, Alexander R.; Mach, Katharine J.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau2736

Cited by 84 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Global sea level is projected to rise between 30 to 121 centimeters by 2100, due to the influx of water from melting glaciers and the expansion of seawater as it warms (125). There are many factors that contribute to the increase of water (melting glaciers specifically in Greenland and Antarctic as well as worldwide), as well as changes in rainfall patterns and increasing frequency of severe weather such as flooding (126)(127)(128)(129). Countries with lowlying areas, small islands like those in the Indian or Pacific Oceans, are concerned that their land areas might decrease due to flooding and coastal erosion.…”

Section: Increase In Sea Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health: A Systematic Descriptive Review

Cianconi¹,

Betrò²,

2020

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Background: Climate change is one of the great challenges of our time. The consequences of climate change on exposed biological subjects, as well as on vulnerable societies, are a concern for the entire scientific community. Rising temperatures, heat waves, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, droughts, fires, loss of forest, and glaciers, along with disappearance of rivers and desertification, can directly and indirectly cause human pathologies that are physical and mental. However, there is a clear lack in psychiatric studies on mental disorders linked to climate change. Methods: Literature available on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library until end of June 2019 were reviewed. The total number of articles and association reports was 445. From these, 163 were selected. We looked for the association between classical psychiatric disorders such as anxiety schizophrenia, mood disorder and depression, suicide, aggressive behaviors, despair for the loss of usual landscape, and phenomena related to climate change and extreme weather. Review of literature was then divided into specific areas: the course of change in mental health, temperature, water, air pollution, drought, as well as the exposure of certain groups and critical psychological adaptations. Results: Climate change has an impact on a large part of the population, in different geographical areas and with different types of threats to public health. However, the delay in studies on climate change and mental health consequences is an important aspect. Lack of literature is perhaps due to the complexity and novelty of this issue. It has been shown that climate change acts on mental health with different timing. The phenomenology of the effects of climate change differs greatly-some mental disorders are common and others more specific in relation to atypical climatic conditions. Moreover, climate change also affects different population groups who are directly exposed and more vulnerable in their geographical conditions, as well as a lack of access to resources, information, and protection. Perhaps it is also worth underlining that in some papers the connection between climatic events and mental disorders was described through the introduction of new terms, coined only recently: ecoanxiety, ecoguilt, ecopsychology, ecological grief, solastalgia, biospheric concern, etc. Conclusions: The effects of climate change can be direct or indirect, short-term or longterm. Acute events can act through mechanisms similar to that of traumatic stress, leading

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Section: Increase In Sea Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health: A Systematic Descriptive Review

Cianconi¹,

Betrò²,

2020

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“…Understanding the drivers and consequences of coastal flooding can be challenging, however, because the extent of flooding may be highly variable within a small geographic area, depending on local topography and bathymetry 7 . Moreover, for planning and response purposes, the effects of flooding on residents and businesses are arguably more important than the simple geographic extent of flooding 8,9 . The same degree of inundation could have substantively different social impacts, depending on the distribution of people, infrastructure and economic activity along the coast.…”

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“…The same degree of inundation could have substantively different social impacts, depending on the distribution of people, infrastructure and economic activity along the coast. Measuring the effects of floods therefore requires highly localized measures of inundation and the effects of that inundation for coastal communities 8,10 .…”

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Using remarkability to define coastal flooding thresholds

Moore

Obradovich

2020

Nat Commun

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Coastal flooding is increasingly common in many areas. However, the degree of inundation and associated disruption depend on local topography as well as the distribution of people, infrastructure and economic activity along the coast. Local measures of flooding that are comparable over large areas are difficult to obtain. Here we use the remarkability of flood events, measured by flood-related posts on social media, to estimate county-specific flood thresholds for shoreline counties along the east coast of the United States. While thresholds in most counties are statistically-indistinguishable from minor flood thresholds of nearby tide gauges, we find evidence that several areas experience noticeable flooding at tide heights lower than existing flood thresholds. These 22 counties include several major cities such as Miami, New York, and Boston, with a total population over 13 million. Our analysis implies that large populations might currently be exposed to nuisance flooding not identified via standard measures.

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“…Studies on long-term business recovery have been made using large-scale economic indicators, such as the number of reported businesses in Kobe City over a ten year period following the Kobe City earthquake in 1995 6 . These large-scale economic indicators are not as readily available or relevant for natural hazard events of a more moderate scale, inspiring the use of alternative statistics as predictors for business recovery, such as changes in pedestrian foot traffic 7 , manually reporting on when businesses closed and opened 8 and changes in parking transactions 9 , allowing for a much smaller scale to be studied. However, surveys and traditional direct data sources of businesses downtime have either been too costly or too inconvenient for widespread use.…”

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confidence: 99%

Social media usage reveals recovery of small businesses after natural hazard events

2020

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The challenge of nowcasting the effect of natural hazard events (e.g., earthquakes, floods, hurricanes) on assets, people and society is of primary importance for assessing the ability of such systems to recover from extreme events. Traditional recovery estimates, such as surveys and interviews, are usually costly, time consuming and do not scale. Here we present a methodology to indirectly estimate the post-emergency recovery status (downtime) of small businesses in urban areas looking at their online posting activity on social media. Analysing the time series of posts before and after an event, we quantify the downtime of small businesses for three natural hazard events occurred in Nepal, Puerto Rico and Mexico. A convenient and reliable method for nowcasting the post-emergency recovery status of economic activities could help local governments and decision makers to better target their interventions and distribute the available resources more effectively.

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High-tide flooding disrupts local economic activity

Abstract: High-tide flooding reduces customer access to businesses, and impacts are projected to increase sharply with sea level rise.

Cited by 84 publications

References 30 publications

The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health: A Systematic Descriptive Review

The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health: A Systematic Descriptive Review

Using remarkability to define coastal flooding thresholds

Social media usage reveals recovery of small businesses after natural hazard events

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