“…Although it could give high ethanol concentration over the benchmark level (above 4.0% (v/v)) [5,16,17], it might be economically viable to produce in large scale. However, almost of material pretreatment was used in high severity condition, especially high temperature, such as Chu et al [9] pretreated corn stover at 190 °C for 3 min, Zhu et al [15] pretreated aspen at 170 °C for 10 min, and Albuquerque-Wanderley et al [18] pretreated sugarcane bagasse at 200 °C for 7 min. In addition, the mixing with higher efficiency than incubator shaker was used, such as Chu et al [9] used helical stirring for mixing and fermented by thermotolerant yeast strain S. cerevisiae DQ1 at 40 °C.…”