High Variation in Pathogenicity of Genetically Closely Related Strains of <i>Xanthomonas albilineans</i>, the Sugarcane Leaf Scald Pathogen, in Guadeloupe

Champoiseau, Patrice; Daugrois, Jean-Heinrich; Pieretti, Isabelle; Cociancich, Stéphane; Royer, Monique; Rott, Philippe

doi:10.1094/phyto-96-1081

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…PFGE groups on a grey background are groups corresponding to strains Xa23R1, HVO082, GPE PC73 and XaFL07-1 used for SSH comparative in silico analysis. C: Pathogenicity in sugarcane rated as disease severity and extent of stalk colonisation (data from [25,130]; Rott P, unpublished data): H = highly aggressive group, L = low or nonaggressive group and nd = no data. Groups on a grey background are groups corresponding to strains Xa23R1, HVO082, GPE PC73 and XaFL07-1 used for SSH comparative in silico analysis…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic insights into strategies used by Xanthomonas albilineans with its reduced artillery to spread within sugarcane xylem vessels

et al. 2012

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BackgroundXanthomonas albilineans causes leaf scald, a lethal disease of sugarcane. X. albilineans exhibits distinctive pathogenic mechanisms, ecology and taxonomy compared to other species of Xanthomonas. For example, this species produces a potent DNA gyrase inhibitor called albicidin that is largely responsible for inducing disease symptoms; its habitat is limited to xylem; and the species exhibits large variability. A first manuscript on the complete genome sequence of the highly pathogenic X. albilineans strain GPE PC73 focused exclusively on distinctive genomic features shared with Xylella fastidiosa—another xylem-limited Xanthomonadaceae. The present manuscript on the same genome sequence aims to describe all other pathogenicity-related genomic features of X. albilineans, and to compare, using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), genomic features of two strains differing in pathogenicity.ResultsComparative genomic analyses showed that most of the known pathogenicity factors from other Xanthomonas species are conserved in X. albilineans, with the notable absence of two major determinants of the “artillery” of other plant pathogenic species of Xanthomonas: the xanthan gum biosynthesis gene cluster, and the type III secretion system Hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity). Genomic features specific to X. albilineans that may contribute to specific adaptation of this pathogen to sugarcane xylem vessels were also revealed. SSH experiments led to the identification of 20 genes common to three highly pathogenic strains but missing in a less pathogenic strain. These 20 genes, which include four ABC transporter genes, a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein gene and an oxidoreductase gene, could play a key role in pathogenicity. With the exception of hypothetical proteins revealed by our comparative genomic analyses and SSH experiments, no genes potentially involved in any offensive or counter-defensive mechanism specific to X. albilineans were identified, supposing that X. albilineans has a reduced artillery compared to other pathogenic Xanthomonas species. Particular attention has therefore been given to genomic features specific to X. albilineans making it more capable of evading sugarcane surveillance systems or resisting sugarcane defense systems.ConclusionsThis study confirms that X. albilineans is a highly distinctive species within the genus Xanthomonas, and opens new perpectives towards a greater understanding of the pathogenicity of this destructive sugarcane pathogen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic insights into strategies used by Xanthomonas albilineans with its reduced artillery to spread within sugarcane xylem vessels

et al. 2012

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“…A cluster containing gumB though gumF and gumH is present in the Xf genomes, but the genomic context is distinct, suggesting independent acquisition of these genes in the Xylella lineage. Interestingly, in the sugarcane pathogen X. albilineans , PCR failed to detect any of ten gum genes assayed, using primer sequences conserved across Xac, Xcc, and Xoo [47]. This species produces an exopolysaccharide structurally related to but distinct from xanthan and compositionally more similar to the exopolysaccharide produced by Xf [48], [49].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another possibility is that X. albilineans is an evolutionary intermediate between Xf and other Xanthomonas spp . [47]. Once a X. albilineans genome sequence is complete, comparisons with the genomes of other strains will shed light on this question as well as the question of whether hrp (and gum ) genes were present in and then lost from the X. albilineans lineage, or were never introduced into it.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition and Evolution of Plant Pathogenesis–Associated Gene Clusters and Candidate Determinants of Tissue-Specificity in Xanthomonas

et al. 2008

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Background Xanthomonas is a large genus of plant-associated and plant-pathogenic bacteria. Collectively, members cause diseases on over 392 plant species. Individually, they exhibit marked host- and tissue-specificity. The determinants of this specificity are unknown.Methodology/Principal FindingsTo assess potential contributions to host- and tissue-specificity, pathogenesis-associated gene clusters were compared across genomes of eight Xanthomonas strains representing vascular or non-vascular pathogens of rice, brassicas, pepper and tomato, and citrus. The gum cluster for extracellular polysaccharide is conserved except for gumN and sequences downstream. The xcs and xps clusters for type II secretion are conserved, except in the rice pathogens, in which xcs is missing. In the otherwise conserved hrp cluster, sequences flanking the core genes for type III secretion vary with respect to insertion sequence element and putative effector gene content. Variation at the rpf (regulation of pathogenicity factors) cluster is more pronounced, though genes with established functional relevance are conserved. A cluster for synthesis of lipopolysaccharide varies highly, suggesting multiple horizontal gene transfers and reassortments, but this variation does not correlate with host- or tissue-specificity. Phylogenetic trees based on amino acid alignments of gum, xps, xcs, hrp, and rpf cluster products generally reflect strain phylogeny. However, amino acid residues at four positions correlate with tissue specificity, revealing hpaA and xpsD as candidate determinants. Examination of genome sequences of xanthomonads Xylella fastidiosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia revealed that the hrp, gum, and xcs clusters are recent acquisitions in the Xanthomonas lineage.Conclusions/SignificanceOur results provide insight into the ancestral Xanthomonas genome and indicate that differentiation with respect to host- and tissue-specificity involved not major modifications or wholesale exchange of clusters, but subtle changes in a small number of genes or in non-coding sequences, and/or differences outside the clusters, potentially among regulatory targets or secretory substrates.

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“…The specific primer pairs in this experiment are list in the Table 2. An external standard curve was generated using purified ihfA (integration host factor A) DNA (Champoiseau et al, 2006). Melting curve analysis was used to verify amplification of a single product.…”

Section: Real-time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Pcr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemin transported protein of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines functions on leaf colonization and virulence on soybean

Prathuangwong¹,

Athinuwat²,

Chuaboon³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) causes bacterial pustule disease on soybean. This bacterium is present worldwide around hot and humid growing regions such as Southeast Asia. To understand if the gene coding for hemin transport protein (hem) is involved in virulence of the pathogen in soybean, we generated a hem mutant in Xag by overlapping PCR mutagenesis. Disruption of hem significantly reduced the population size and the disease incidence when sprayed on soybean but not when injected directly to soybean. The hem mutant caused the hypersensitive response induction on tobacco as an Xag wildtype. Interestingly, the hem expression was also reduced when the Xag wildtype grow in planta. The hemin transporter protein involved in the production of extracellular polysaccharide, biofilm formation, motility and attachment but not for extracellular enzymes. This confirmed that epiphytic fitness of Xag strongly required hem functions. These results suggest that hem gene is essential for virulence of Xag on soybean during the infection process.

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High Variation in Pathogenicity of Genetically Closely Related Strains of Xanthomonas albilineans, the Sugarcane Leaf Scald Pathogen, in Guadeloupe

Cited by 29 publications

References 40 publications

Genomic insights into strategies used by Xanthomonas albilineans with its reduced artillery to spread within sugarcane xylem vessels

Genomic insights into strategies used by Xanthomonas albilineans with its reduced artillery to spread within sugarcane xylem vessels

Acquisition and Evolution of Plant Pathogenesis–Associated Gene Clusters and Candidate Determinants of Tissue-Specificity in Xanthomonas

Hemin transported protein of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines functions on leaf colonization and virulence on soybean

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