High-voltage-compatable, fully depleted CCDs

Holland, S.; Bebek, C.; Dawson, Kyle; Emes, J.; Fabricius, Max H.; Fairfield, Jessamyn A.; Groom, D.; Karcher, A.; Kolbe, W.; Palaio, N.P.; Roe, Natalie A.; Wang, Guobin

doi:10.1117/12.672393

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The CCDs are depleted through application of a substrate bias voltage across the full thickness. The spatial resolution can be improved by increasing the bias voltage up to 200 V [3], with a nominal operating voltage of 100 V for the SNAP mission. The SNAP focal plane will be populated with 36 LBNL CCDs, each having 3512 × 3512 10.5 µm pixels.…”

Section: Ccd Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a diffraction limited point spread function (PSF) of 0.1 arcseconds at 800 nm and zodiacal-dominated background, SNAP will have significantly improved resolution and decreased contamination from sky background compared to ground based telescopes. The SNAP focal plane design uses thick, fully depleted CCDs developed at LBNL [2], [3] for visible to near IR observations in six bandpass filters. In space, these detectors will be exposed to significant radiation, primarily solar protons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation Tolerance of Fully-Depleted P-Channel CCDs Designed for the SNAP Satellite

Dawson

Bebek

Emes

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Abstract-Thick, fully depleted p-channel charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have been developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). These CCDs have several advantages over conventional thin, n-channel CCDs, including enhanced quantum efficiency and reduced fringing at nearinfrared wavelengths and improved radiation tolerance. Here we report results from the irradiation of CCDs with 12.5 and 55 MeV protons at the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron and with 0.1 -1 MeV electrons at the LBNL 60 Co source. These studies indicate that the LBNL CCDs perform well after irradiation, even in the parameters in which significant degradation is observed in other CCDs: charge transfer efficiency, dark current, and isolated hot pixels. Modeling the radiation exposure over a sixyear mission lifetime with no annealing, we expect an increase in dark current of 20 e − /pixel/hr, and a degradation of charge transfer efficiency in the parallel direction of 3 × 10 −6 and 1 × 10 −6 in the serial direction. The dark current is observed to improve with an annealing cycle, while the parallel CTE is relatively unaffected and the serial CTE is somewhat degraded. As expected, the radiation tolerance of the p-channel LBNL CCDs is significantly improved over the conventional n-channel CCDs that are currently employed in space-based telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope.

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Section: Ccd Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Tolerance of Fully-Depleted P-Channel CCDs Designed for the SNAP Satellite

Dawson

Bebek

Emes

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…The 4114 × 2040 pixel p-channel CCD is back-illuminated CCD and fully depleted throughout its 250 μm thickness by a 60V positive bias applied to the transparent conductive Indium Tin Oxide layer which also serves as a layer in the anti-reflection coating [2]. The thickness offers excellent sensitivity in the far red and virtually eliminates fringing while the lateral charge diffusion remains small compared to the 15µm pixel and insignificant compared to the typical 2.5 pixel (37.5 µm) spectral line width (FWHM).…”

Section: Ccd Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a p-channel back-illuminated CCD with serial registers on the long sides of the CCD, 250 μm thick and fully depleted [2]. The pixel size is 15 microns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new deep-depletion CCD for the red channel of the Palomar Double Spectrograph

et al. 2012

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The red channel of the Palomar Double Spectrograph (DBSP) on the 200-inch Hale Telescope has been upgraded with a new deep-depletion CCD from LBNL. Its redder response produced a significant increase of the throughput above 550 nm, and its longer dimension more than doubled the spectral coverage. A special Dewar was designed to accommodate a detector mount which includes features to minimize CCD motion due to thermal cycling, in spite of the very simple "picture frame" packaging of the CCD. The new Dewar also includes some novel features to improve the liquid nitrogen hold time while staying within the size envelope allowed in the Cassegrain cage. We describe these changes along with the detector characterization.

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“…Fully depleted thick back-illuminated p-channel charge-coupled devices (CCD's) developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for astronomical applications have useful quantum efficiencies (QE's) extending into the near infrared (IR) [1,2]. The response is limited to < ∼ 1100 nm by the indirect bandgap of silicon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum efficiency modeling for a thick back-illuminated astronomical CCD

Groom

Haque

Holland

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Physics

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The quantum efficiency and reflectivity of thick, back-illuminated CCD's being fabricated at LBNL for astronomical applications are modeled and compared with experiment. The treatment differs from standard thin-film optics in that (a) absorption is permitted in any film, (b) the 200-500 µm thick silicon substrate is considered as a thin film in order to observe the fringing behavior at long wavelengths, and (c) by using approximate boundary conditions, absorption in the surface films is separated from absorption in the substrate. For the quantum efficiency measurements the CCD's are normally operated as CCD's, usually at T = −140• C, and at higher temperatures as photodiodes. They are mounted on mechanical substrates. Reflectivity is measured on air-backed wafer samples at room temperature. The agreement between model expectation and quantum efficiency measurement is in general satisfactory. * degroom@lbl.gov 2

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High-voltage-compatable, fully depleted CCDs

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Radiation Tolerance of Fully-Depleted P-Channel CCDs Designed for the SNAP Satellite

Radiation Tolerance of Fully-Depleted P-Channel CCDs Designed for the SNAP Satellite

A new deep-depletion CCD for the red channel of the Palomar Double Spectrograph

Quantum efficiency modeling for a thick back-illuminated astronomical CCD

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