High vulnerability and a big conservation gap: Mapping the vulnerability of coastal scleractinian corals in South China

Hu, Wenjia; Zheng, Xinqing; Li, Yuanchao; Du, Jianguo; Lv, Yihua; Su, Shangke; Xiao, Botao; Ye, Xiaomin; Jiang, Qinghong; Tan, Hongjian; Liao, Baolin; Chen, Bin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157363

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Moreover, the higher incoming tourist interpret to increasing boating activities and increased anchoring, which impact the coral degradation (Edinger et al 1998;Small and Oxenford 2022). In light of the fact that the coral cover area is the main magnetism for tourists, so that ecotourism must be promoted in order to ensure the survival of coral biodiversity, and it is now even more crucial to regularly check state of coral health (Hu et al 2022).…”

Section: Coral and Sand Covermentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping coral cover using Sentinel-2A in Karimunjawa, Indonesia

SATYA

Sabdono²,

Wijayanti³

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Satya ED, Sabdono A, Wijayanti DP, Helmi M, Widiaratih R. 2023. Mapping coral cover using Sentinel-2A in Karimunjawa, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 827-836. Coral reefs in the Karimunjawa National Park (KNP) have their own charm, especially for snorkeling and divers, it can be seen from the number of tourist visits which tends to increase every year, except for 2020 to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the impact of tourism on coral reef cover in KNP, with islands selected as representatives of high, medium and low level of tourist visits using Sentinel-2A. Comparison of Sentinel-2A coral cover area in 2020 with previous research which used Landsat 8 data in 2018 showed decrease in coral cover area by 16.5% and an increase in sand area by 24.1% for island of high tourist visits. It can be seen that tourism activities have significant impact on coral cover area, especially snorkeling and diving activities that are intentional or not potentially damaging to coral reefs. Sentinel-2A's ability to detect coral area is reliable, since field data is needed as input for data processing to identification locations in detail as needed. Coral area in 2020 using Sentinel-2A obtained for Menjangan Besar Island and Menjangan Kecil, Sintok Island, Tengah Island and Seruni Island were 1.88 km2, 0.303 km2, 0.318 km2, 0.237 km2 respectively.

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Section: Coral and Sand Covermentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping coral cover using Sentinel-2A in Karimunjawa, Indonesia

SATYA

Sabdono²,

Wijayanti³

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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“…As field surveys have limited coverage, SDM predictions play a crucial role as supplements in marine biodiversity conservation efforts. In recent years, numerous studies have utilized SDMs to identify distribution characteristics of diverse marine taxonomic groups, providing a vital foundation for the development of scientifically sound conservation plans (Hu et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2023). Notably, there is increasing momentum under the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework to raise protection targets to 30% of the ocean by 2030 (Brito-Morales et al, 2022).…”

Section: Giant Clam Protection and Adaptative Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Suitable Habitats and Conservation Gaps of Tridacna maxima in the Indo-Pacific Core Area Based on Species Distribution Model

Liu,

Li,

Cong

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Tridacna maxima (T. maxima) are widely distributed in shallow areas near coral reefs and hold significant commercial value as a food source and for marine tourism. However, it has been extensively harvested and depleted in many regions, leading to it being listed as endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). While marine protected areas (MPAs) are considered effective conservation tools, it remains uncertain whether existing MPAs adequately protect these vulnerable giant clams. Here, we employed a Species Distribution Models (SDMs) approach, combining occurrence records of T. maxima with environmental variables, to predict their distribution and capture spatiotemporal changes. The findings revealed the importance of land distance and light at bottom in determining the distribution of T. maxima, with suitable habitats predominantly found in shallow coastal waters rather than deep sea areas. Furthermore, we modeled potential distribution areas for T. maxima in 2050 and 2100 under different climate change scenarios, highlighting varying impacts on suitable habitats across different model predictions. To evaluate current conservation gaps, we conducted an analysis by overlaying suitable areas with existing protected areas. The results showed that the potential distribution area of T. maxima is 1,519,764.73 km2, accounting for only 16.10% of the total protected areas. It became evident that the existing protected areas are insufficiently large or well-connected, suggesting their ineffectiveness in safeguarding giant clams. Therefore, management efforts should focus on establishing a network of MPAs along the coastlines of West Pacific-Indonesia, matching the dispersal capability of giant clams. These findings provide valuable insights for the conservation of endangered giant clams, offering a scientific foundation for designing MPA networks in the Indo-Pacific region.

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“…Coral reefs are mainly divided into fringing reefs, barrier reefs and atolls according to geographical distribution (Steers et al., 1977). In the nearshore reefs, ambient seawater has relatively higher turbidity and nutrient levels due to the influence of domestic sewage and mariculture wastes generated by human activities (Fabricius, 2005; Hu et al., 2022; Wall et al., 2019). In contrast, corals in offshore atolls are less affected by human activities as they are far away from the mainland, but they will be potentially affected by abnormal natural conditions, such as abnormal sea surface temperature (SST) and ultraviolet radiation (Harithsa et al., 2005; Nadaoka et al., 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Differences in Coral Trophic Status Between Nearshore and Offshore Reefs Recorded by δ¹⁵N of Coral Symbiotic Zooxanthellae and Host Tissue in the South China Sea in the SCS

Xu,

Mo,

Men

et al. 2024

JGR Biogeosciences

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Significant differences in environmental conditions between nearshore and offshore coral reefs lead to different symbiotic zooxanthellae density (ZD) of corals. From the perspective of energy supply, different ZD lead to different energy provided by the photosynthesis of zooxanthellae to the coral host. However, few studies have conducted a comparative analysis of coral trophic status (i.e., autotrophic photosynthesis of zooxanthellae and heterotrophic feeding of the host) between nearshore and offshore reefs. In this study, 70 coral samples of Favia palauensis were collected from the nearshore Sanya reefs, and offshore Xisha, Nansha reefs in the South China Sea (SCS). The ZD, δ15N of seawater particulate organic matter (δ15NPOM), host tissue (δ15Nh), zooxanthellae (δ15Nz) and the difference between δ15Nh and δ15Nz (i.e., △h−z 15N = δ15Nh−δ15Nz) were measured and statistically analyzed. The purpose is to elucidate the differences in the energy maintenance mechanisms of corals between nearshore and offshore reefs. Results show that ZD is significantly positively correlated with δ15Nz in all three reefs (p < 0.05). Corals in nearshore Sanya have higher autotrophic abilities than corals from offshore Xisha and Nansha reefs. By contrast, corals in offshore reefs are more dependent on heterotrophic feeding of the host to obtain energy. Our research demonstrate that corals can adjust their trophic status, especially improve their heterotrophic feeding intensity to meet energy needs under different environmental conditions. This dynamic adjustment of energy supply patterns is of great significance to improve coral's environmental adaptability.

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High vulnerability and a big conservation gap: Mapping the vulnerability of coastal scleractinian corals in South China

Cited by 8 publications

References 102 publications

Mapping coral cover using Sentinel-2A in Karimunjawa, Indonesia

Mapping coral cover using Sentinel-2A in Karimunjawa, Indonesia

Unveiling the Suitable Habitats and Conservation Gaps of Tridacna maxima in the Indo-Pacific Core Area Based on Species Distribution Model

Significant Differences in Coral Trophic Status Between Nearshore and Offshore Reefs Recorded by δ¹⁵N of Coral Symbiotic Zooxanthellae and Host Tissue in the South China Sea in the SCS

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High vulnerability and a big conservation gap: Mapping the vulnerability of coastal scleractinian corals in South China

Cited by 8 publications

References 102 publications

Mapping coral cover using Sentinel-2A in Karimunjawa, Indonesia

Mapping coral cover using Sentinel-2A in Karimunjawa, Indonesia

Unveiling the Suitable Habitats and Conservation Gaps of Tridacna maxima in the Indo-Pacific Core Area Based on Species Distribution Model

Significant Differences in Coral Trophic Status Between Nearshore and Offshore Reefs Recorded by δ15N of Coral Symbiotic Zooxanthellae and Host Tissue in the South China Sea in the SCS

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Significant Differences in Coral Trophic Status Between Nearshore and Offshore Reefs Recorded by δ¹⁵N of Coral Symbiotic Zooxanthellae and Host Tissue in the South China Sea in the SCS