High Wolbachia Density Correlates With Cost of Infection for Insecticide Resistant Culex Pipiens Mosquitoes

Duron, Olivier; Labbé, Pierrick; Berticat, Claire; Rousset, François; Guillot, Sylvain; Raymond, Michel; Weill, Mylène

doi:10.1554/05-340.1

Cited by 78 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Adults were sorted by sex upon emergence and released in the appropriate cages (25 × 25 × 25 cm). When necessary, larvae were cured of Wolbachia infection to avoid interstrain cytoplasmic incompatibility: they were then reared in water containing tetracycline hydrochloride (20 mg l − 1 , Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MI, USA) during three generations, followed by one generation of rearing in clear water before performing crosses (Duron et al, 2006).…”

Section: Strains and Crossing Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High chlorpyrifos resistance in Culex pipiens mosquitoes: strong synergy between resistance genes

et al. 2015

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We investigated the genetic determinism of high chlorpyrifos resistance (HCR), a phenotype first described in 1999 in Culex pipiens mosquitoes surviving chlorpyrifos doses ⩾ 1 mg l − 1 and more recently found in field samples from Tunisia, Israel or Indian Ocean islands. Through chlorpyrifos selection, we selected several HCR strains that displayed over 10 000-fold resistance. All strains were homozygous for resistant alleles at two main loci: the ace-1 gene, with the resistant ace-1 R allele expressing the insensitive G119S acetylcholinesterase, and a resistant allele of an unknown gene (named T) linked to the sex and ace-2 genes. We constructed a strain carrying only the T-resistant allele and studied its resistance characteristics. By crossing this strain with strains harboring different alleles at the ace-1 locus, we showed that the resistant ace-1 R and the T alleles act in strong synergy, as they elicited a resistance 100 times higher than expected from a simple multiplicative effect. This effect was specific to chlorpyrifos and parathion and was not affected by synergists. We also examined how HCR was expressed in strains carrying other ace-1-resistant alleles, such as ace-1 V or the duplicated ace-1 D allele, currently spreading worldwide. We identified two major parameters that influenced the level of resistance: the number and the nature of the ace-1-resistant alleles and the number of T alleles. Our data fit a model that predicts that the T allele acts by decreasing chlorpyrifos concentration in the compartment targeted in insects.

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Section: Strains and Crossing Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High chlorpyrifos resistance in Culex pipiens mosquitoes: strong synergy between resistance genes

et al. 2015

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“…Virgin males (VLF-05) were next used in crossing experiments. The uninfected SlabTC strain was generated by tetracycline treatment of the Slab strain as described in Duron et al (2006d). To obviate artefactual effects of tetracycline on hatching rates or embryo phenotypes, the SlabTC strain was reared for at least four generations before crosses under standard laboratory tetracycline-free conditions.…”

Section: Mosquito Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of aging on cytoplasmic incompatibility, sperm modification and Wolbachia density in Culex pipiens mosquitoes

2007

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Wolbachia are maternally inherited endocellular bacteria, widespread in invertebrates and capable of altering several aspects of host reproduction. Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is commonly found in arthropods and induces hatching failure of eggs from crosses between Wolbachia-infected males and uninfected females (or females infected by incompatible strains). Several factors such as bacterial and host genotypes or bacterial density contribute to CI strength and it has been proposed, mostly from Drosophila data, that older males have a lower Wolbachia load in testes which, thus, induces a lighter CI. Here, we challenge this hypothesis using different incompatible Culex pipiens mosquito strains and show that CI persists at the same intensity throughout the mosquito life span. Embryos from incompatible crosses showed even distributions of abortive phenotypes over time, suggesting that host ageing does not reduce the spermmodification induced by Wolbachia. CI remained constant when sperm was placed in the spermathecae of incompatible females, indicating that sperm modification is also stable over time. The capacity of infected females to rescue CI was independent of age. Last, the density of Wolbachia in whole testes was highly strain-dependent and increased dramatically with age. Taken together, these data stress the peculiarity of the C.pipiens/Wolbachia interaction and suggest that the bacterial dosage model should be rejected in the case of this association.

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“…The mosquito Culex pipiens has a polymorphism for an allele conferring insecticide resistance (Berticat et al, 2002). Mosquitoes carrying the resistant allele have higher Wolbachia densities compared with the ones carrying the susceptible allele (Duron et al, 2006). The role of host genotype in regulating Wolbachia densities has also been empirically established, by transinfection experiments, at an inter-specific level (Ikeda et al, 2003), and at the intra-specific level in Drosophila (Clark et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host genotype changes bidirectional to unidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility in Nasonia longicornis

Raychoudhury

Werren

2011

Heredity

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Wolbachia are the most abundant maternally inherited endosymbionts of insects and cause various reproductive alterations in their hosts. One such manipulation is cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), which is a sperm-egg incompatibility typically resulting in zygotic death. Nasonia longicornis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) has an A supergroup and two closely related B supergroup Wolbachia infections. The B supergroup bacteria co-diverged in this host genus. Both triple (wNlonAwNlonB1wNlonB2) and double infections (wNlonAwNlonB1, wNlonAwNlonB2) have been obtained from the field. In the present study, CI was determined among the three Wolbachia types in different host genetic backgrounds. Results show that host genetic background determines whether bidirectional CI or unidirectional CI occurs between the two closely related B group Wolbachia. Results show that the wNlonB1-infected males are bidirectionally incompatible with wNlonB2 in their 'native' nuclear genetic background, whereas wNlonB1 males are compatible with wNlonB2 in two other N. longicornis genetic backgrounds, resulting in unidirectional CI. In contrast, wNlonB2-infected males are incompatible with wNlonB1 females in all three host genetic backgrounds. These changes in incompatibility are not due to the loss of the bacteria. We hypothesize that a repressor gene for sperm modification by wNlonB1 is segregating in N. longicornis populations. The relevance of these findings to the potential role of Wolbachia in host-reproductive divergence and speciation is discussed.

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High Wolbachia Density Correlates With Cost of Infection for Insecticide Resistant Culex Pipiens Mosquitoes

Cited by 78 publications

References 84 publications

High chlorpyrifos resistance in Culex pipiens mosquitoes: strong synergy between resistance genes

High chlorpyrifos resistance in Culex pipiens mosquitoes: strong synergy between resistance genes

Influence of aging on cytoplasmic incompatibility, sperm modification and Wolbachia density in Culex pipiens mosquitoes

Host genotype changes bidirectional to unidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility in Nasonia longicornis

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