High yield and facile microwave-assisted synthesis of conductive H2SO4 doped polyanilines

Gizdavic‐Nikolaidis, Marija; Jevremovic, Milutin; Milenković, Maja C.; Allison, Morgan C.; Stanisavljev, Dragomir R.; Bowmaker, Graham A.; Žujović, Zoran D.

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.02.011

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Consequently, long oligomer chains and increased conjugation length were formed in microwave‐assisted systems under the same reaction duration, thereby lengthening the wavelengths of p–π* absorption bands in the UV–vis spectrum. Our conclusion is consistent with the work of GizdavicNikolaidis, who proposed that microwave heating remarkably improves polymerization rate and yield. Furthermore, the FTIR characteristic peaks of PANI showed a slight redshift and the UV–vis absorbance bands did not exhibit significant differences in high‐concentration HCl media in both reaction environments.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Recently, microwave has been extensively used to assist in synthesizing and tuning the PANI morphology and nanostructure. Microwave irradiation can generate rapid thermal effects through molecular dipole interaction and can offer a clean, fast, and convenient way for synthesis at ambient temperatures . Compared with conventional heating methods, microwave‐assisted synthesis could finely regulate reaction conditions and dramatically accelerates reaction rates, increases product yields, and enhances product purities in PANI synthesis by reducing unwanted side reactions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploration on the microwave‐assisted synthesis and formation mechanism of polyaniline nanostructures synthesized in different hydrochloric acid concentrations

Qiu

Wang

et al. 2017

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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Under microwave‐assisted synthesis, polyaniline (PANI) products with multiple nanostructures were synthesized by the oxidative polymerization of aniline and ammonium peroxodisulfate in the different concentrations of hydrochloric acid solutions. The structural analysis of PANI using FTIR, UV, and XPS indicated that phenazine‐like oligomers were produced in acid‐free and low acidic systems. Moreover, long linear PANI chains were obtained in the presence of highly acidic solutions. The morphology of PANI observed by SEM and TEM showed that nanoscale structures, including stacked sheets, nanotubes, branched nanofibers, and uniform nanofibers, occurred respectively in acid‐free solution, low acidity, medium and high acidity systems, effectively regulating by acidity. The formation mechanism of PANI nanostructures was explored here. The sheets were formed by the oligomers containing flat phenazine rings that can be stacked together with strong π–π interactions. Furthermore, nanotubes were fabricated by the self‐curling of thin sheets consisted of phenazine‐like oligomers with numerous linear units in the chains. The nanofibers are supposed to form by the linear PANI chains and the secondary growth during aniline polymerization caused the branch formation on the nanofibers. All results indicate that acidity, rather than microwave assistance, is the critical factor that determines the polymerization mechanism and the final nanostructure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3357–3369

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration on the microwave‐assisted synthesis and formation mechanism of polyaniline nanostructures synthesized in different hydrochloric acid concentrations

Qiu

Wang

et al. 2017

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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“…Future studies may be enhanced by coupling this type of analysis with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of bacteria on surfaces and fluorescence microscopy after live/dead staining. SEM has previously allowed for visualisation of bacterial killing by fPANIs to the conclusion that the antimicrobial mode of action eventually leads to a loss of cell integrity [ 74 , 75 ]. Fluorescence microscopy of live/dead stained biofilms has allowed for the activity of another fPANI, polysulfanilic acid, to be followed, with the killing of bacteria being established in biofilms and the release of biomass from the surface, imaged [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Polyaniline and a Functionalised Derivative as Antimicrobial Additives to Create Contamination Resistant Surfaces

2018

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Antimicrobial surfaces can be applied to break transmission pathways in hospitals. Polyaniline (PANI) and poly(3-aminobenzoic acid) (P3ABA) are novel antimicrobial agents with potential as non-leaching additives to provide contamination resistant surfaces. The activity of PANI and P3ABA were investigated in suspension and as part of absorbent and non-absorbent surfaces. The effect of inoculum size and the presence of organic matter on surface activity was determined. PANI and P3ABA both demonstrated bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in suspension and as part of an absorbent surface. Only P3ABA showed antimicrobial activity in non-absorbent films. The results that are presented in this work support the use of P3ABA to create contamination resistant surfaces.

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“…Nonetheless, long-term charge and discharge easily cause volume expansion and contraction, which leads to a decrease in mechanical and electrochemical performance, thereby limiting its application in SCs [8]. So far, some strategies have been developed to promote its electrochemical behaviors, including combinations with other materials, such as PANI/carbon-based materials [9,10], PANI/metallic oxide [11,12], and PANI/metallic oxides/carbon materials [13], or the doping of PANI with certain materials/ions, including protonic acids/anions (HCl [14], H 2 SO 4 [15], HClO 4 [16], and H 3 PO 4 [17]) and metallic cations (LiCl [18], Ni 2+ [19], Co 2+ [20], Fe 3+ [21], Zn 2+ [22,23], Cu 2+ [24], and Mn 2+ [25]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox-Active Gel Electrolyte Combined with Branched Polyaniline Nanofibers Doped with Ferrous Ions for Ultra-High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitors

Meng

Xia

et al. 2019

Polymers

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In this work, the effects of utilizing an Fe2+/Fe3+ redox-active electrolyte and Fe2+-doped polyaniline (PANI) electrode material on the performance of an assembled supercapacitor (SC) were studied. The concentration of the redox couple additive in the electrolyte of the SC was optimized to be 0.5 M. With the optimized concentration of 0.4 M Fe2+, the doped PANI branched nanofibers electropolymerized onto titanium mesh were much thinner, cleaner, and more branched than normal PANI. A specific capacitance (Cs) of 8468 F g−1 for the 0.4 M Fe2+/PANI electrode in the 1 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M Fe2+/Fe3+ gel electrolyte and an energy density of 218.1 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1854.4 W kg−1 for the resultant SC were achieved, which were much higher than those of the conventional PANI electrode tested in a normal H2SO4 electrolyte (404 F g−1 and 24.9 Wh kg−1). These results are among the highest reported for PANI-based SCs in the literature so far and demonstrate the potential effectiveness of this strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of flexible SCs by modifying both the electrode and electrolyte.

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High yield and facile microwave-assisted synthesis of conductive H2SO4 doped polyanilines

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Exploration on the microwave‐assisted synthesis and formation mechanism of polyaniline nanostructures synthesized in different hydrochloric acid concentrations

Exploration on the microwave‐assisted synthesis and formation mechanism of polyaniline nanostructures synthesized in different hydrochloric acid concentrations

Investigation of Polyaniline and a Functionalised Derivative as Antimicrobial Additives to Create Contamination Resistant Surfaces

Redox-Active Gel Electrolyte Combined with Branched Polyaniline Nanofibers Doped with Ferrous Ions for Ultra-High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitors

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