High yield conversion of cellulosic biomass into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and a study of the reaction kinetics of cellulose to HMF conversion in a biphasic system

Abstract

Biphasic dehydration of cellulosic biomass into remarkable yield of HMF can be achieved via mechanocatalysis and fractionation treatment.

An overview of the biphasic dehydration of sugars to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural: a rational selection of solvents using COSMO-RS and selection guides

“…This work compared the performance using MeTHF by itself and modifying the EP using a volume ratio of 6 to 1 of MeTHF to N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), observing a remarkable increase of X glu from 89.4% to 97.9% and Y 5-HMF from 58.8% to 90.7%. 74 Among other solvents using as EP, dioxane has been proposed as an alternative after comparing the performance of other solvents including THF, 1-BuOH, MIBK and 1-propanol, all of which with NaCl (20 wt%). For the reaction, a mixed set of catalysts consisting of TiO 2 -ZrO 2 and Amberlyst 70 were employed for 3 h at 175°C to reach complete conversion of glucose and 86% yield to the product.…”

Acid‐Catalyzed Conversion of Carbohydrates into Value‐Added Small Molecules in Aqueous Media and Ionic Liquids

“…For example, mesoporous zirconium phosphate (Zr(HPO 4 ) 2 ⋅ n H 2 O) provides reasonable yields of HMF from glucose, and can be reused in five consecutive cycles without loss of activity . Phosphated TiO 2 also shows promise in appropriate biphasic systems: it enables the conversion of appropriately pretreated MCC into HMF in surprisingly high yields (Table ) . A major downside, however, is the high energy consumption during the 10 h of ball‐milling of MCC and the 4 h recovery of the solid acid catalyst at 600 °C.…”

“…[91] Phosphated TiO 2 also shows promise in appropriate biphasic systems:i te nables the conversion of appropriately pretreated MCC into HMF in surprisingly high yields ( Table 1). [92] Am ajor downside, however,i st he high energy consumption during the 10 ho fb all-milling of MCC and the 4hrecovery of the solid acid catalysta t6 00 8C. Ball-milling is a technique rather frequently used as ap retreatment method for cellulose.…”

Temperature‐responsive Solid Acid Catalyst for Cellulose Hydrolysis to HMF

“…In this sense, solid heterogeneous catalysts are more desirable due to their easiness in separation from the products and reusability. A great number of catalysts have been examined for cellulose conversion to HMF, including heteropoly acid, zeolites, immobilized ionic liquids, carbonaceous acids, metal oxides, and acid resins . Nandiwale et al achieved a HMF yield of 46% with 67% cellulose conversion over modified HZSM‐5 with desilication .…”