High-yield conversion of plant biomass into the key value-added feedstocks 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, levulinic acid, and levulinic esters via5-(chloromethyl)furfural

Mascal, Mark; Nikitin, Edward B.

doi:10.1039/b918922j

Cited by 250 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…37 Tominaga et al 38 used a mixed-acid systems consisting of both Lewis (metal triflate) and Bronsted acids (sulfonic acid) to convert efficiently cellulose into methyl levulinate. It was found that the hydrolysis of cellulose to sugars was mainly catalyzed by Bronsted acids, while the conversion of sugars into methyl levulinate was mainly catalyzed by Lewis acids.…”

Section: Scheme 1 Production Of Levulinic Acid From Lignocellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

2014

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In this work some relevant processes for the preparation of liquid hydrocarbon fuels and fuel additives from cellulose, hemicellulose and triglycerides derived platform molecules are discussed. Thus, it is shown that a series of platform molecules such as levulinic acid, furans, fatty acids and polyols can be converted into a variety of fuel additives through catalytic transformations that include reduction, esterification, etherification, and acetalization reactions. Moreover, we will show that liquid hydrocarbon fuels can be obtained by combining oxygen removal processes (e.g. dehydration, hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation, decarbonylation/descarboxylation etc.) with the adjustment of the molecular weight via C-C coupling reactions (e.g. aldol condensation, hydroxyalkylation, oligomerization, ketonization) of the reactive platform molecules.

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Section: Scheme 1 Production Of Levulinic Acid From Lignocellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

2014

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“…In this stage, the conversion of glucose into 5-(chloromethyl)furfural was performed employing concentrated HCl as catalyst in 1,2-dichloroethane heating at 100 • C for 1-3 h [84]. In the second step, the obtained 5-(chloromethyl)furfural was hydrolyzed to LA in water at 190 • C for 20 min [85], allowing a very high LA yield, up to 79 mol % from glucose, corresponding to 51 wt %.…”

Section: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts In Organic Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

et al. 2016

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Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the top bio-based platform molecules that can be converted into many valuable chemicals. It can be produced by acid catalysis from renewable resources, such as sugars, lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials, attractive candidates due to their abundance and environmentally benign nature. The LA transition from niche product to mass-produced chemical, however, requires its production from sustainable biomass feedstocks at low costs, adopting environment-friendly techniques. This review is an up-to-date discussion of the literature on the several catalytic systems that have been developed to produce LA from the different substrates. Special attention has been paid to the recent advancements on starting materials, moving from simple sugars to raw and waste biomasses. This aspect is of paramount importance from a sustainability point of view, transforming wastes needing to be disposed into starting materials for value-added products. This review also discusses the strategies to exploit the solid residues always obtained in the LA production processes, in order to attain a circular economy approach.

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“…HMF was converted to EMF when ethanol was added to the system. Mascal et al 153,154 proposed an approach for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to produce an intermediate product, 5-hydroxychloromethylfurfural (CMF). The chloro functionality can then be replaced to yield various products including HMF, levulinic acid, or ethyl levulinate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Targeted chemical upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass to platform molecules

2014

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This review presents an overview of the initial targeted chemical processing stages for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to platform molecules that serve as intermediates for the production of carbonbased fuels and chemicals. We identify four classes of platform molecules that can be obtained in an initial chemical processing step: (i) sugars, (ii) dehydration products, (iii) polyols and (iv) lignin monomers. Special emphasis is placed on reporting and comparing parameters that affect process economics and/or sustainability, including product yields, amount of catalyst used, processing conditions, and product concentrations. We discuss the economic trade-offs associated with choices related to these parameters, depending on the product that is targeted. We also address the effects of real biomass on the ability to recover, recycle, and potentially regenerate catalysts and solvents used in the biomass conversion processes.

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High-yield conversion of plant biomass into the key value-added feedstocks 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, levulinic acid, and levulinic esters via5-(chloromethyl)furfural

Cited by 250 publications

References 16 publications

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

Targeted chemical upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass to platform molecules

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