High yield production of sugars from deproteinated palm kernel cake under microwave irradiation via dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis

Biodegradation of Palm Kernel Cake by Cellulolytic and Hemicellulolytic Bacterial Cultures through Solid State Fermentation

“…However, there is limitation of using PKC in monogastric animal diets because of the high levels of crude fiber, coarse texture, and gritty appearance [3–5]. It is also reported that PKC contains 35.2% mannan [6]. It is common to improve the nutritive quality of this byproduct by inoculating cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic microorganisms through SSF.…”

“…Thus, the cost of animal production would definitely be decreased as a result of improvement of PKC's nutritive value. It is referred by Fan et al [6] that PKC has promising amounts of mannose, glucose, and galactose. These reasonable candidates can be used to produce bioethanol through fermentation of microbes [6].…”

“…It is referred by Fan et al [6] that PKC has promising amounts of mannose, glucose, and galactose. These reasonable candidates can be used to produce bioethanol through fermentation of microbes [6]. Based on our previous findings [7], the bacterial cultures were characterized in different substrates (carboxymethyl cellulose, xylan from birchwood, and locust bean gum galactomannan).…”

Assessment of holocellulose for the production of bioethanol by conserving Pinus radiata cones as renewable feedstock

“…Towards the realization of the objective of practical biorefinery, enormous efforts are being made for converting biomass to biofuels (Baeyens et al, 2015;Fan et al, 2014;Horvath et al, 2008;Kang et al, 2014aKang et al, , 2014bKang et al, , 2014cKim et al, 2003;Meerbeek et al, 2015;Pulidindi et al, 2014a, b;Victor et al, 2014). The hypothesis tested in the current work is e Can pine cones from Pinus radiata be a renewable feedstock for fuel ethanol production?…”

Chemocatalytic hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose over solid acid catalysts

“…It is well-known that cellulose is a linear polymer consisting of many glucose units via ␤-1,4-glycosidic linkages (Scheme 2) [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77], which was firstly discovered by Payen and Hebd in 1838 [78] and then elucidated by Staudinger in 1920 [79]. Due to the presence of a large number of hydroxyl ( OH) groups, there are numerous intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in cellulose (Scheme 3) [80][81][82][83][84], leading to a intricate supramolecular structure and a strong mechanical strength.…”