High-yield reduction of carbon dioxide into formic acid by zero-valent metal/metal oxide redox cycles

Jin, Fangming; Gao, Ying; Jin, Yujia; Zhang, Yalei; Cao, Jianglin; Wei, Zhen; Smith, Richard L.

doi:10.1039/c0ee00661k

Cited by 153 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Metal Fe was selected because Fe is one of the most abundant metallic elements in the Earth's crust and can be easily obtained. More importantly, our previous research have found that the iron oxide formed from the oxidation of Fe can be regenerated into Fe again easily by the reaction of iron oxide with bio-derived chemicals such as glycerin, in which lactic acid can be produced [16]. Thus, the cycle of Fe can be achieved when using Fe for the dissociation of H 2 O to reduce CO 2 as explained in reactions (1) and (2):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…With this in mind, we previously investigated the dissociation of H 2 O for reducing CO 2 (or NaHCO 3 as a CO 2 source) to formic acid with metallic iron (Fe) as a reductant in the presence or absence of a nickel (Ni) catalyst [15,16]. In this process with Fe, water is used as a source of hydrogen and Fe is used as the reductant for rapidly producing hydrogen, which then is used to reduce the CO 2 in-situ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly efficient water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction into formic acid with iron and copper powder

Zhong

Gao

Yao

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction into formic acid with iron and copper powder

Zhong

Gao

Yao

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…Therefore, the disadvantages of hydrogen gas preparation, transportation and storage in traditional hydrogenation of CO 2 reactions can be avoided. Although the metal reductants are oxidized during the reaction in HTW, these metal oxides can be reduced into its zero-valent state by using solar energy, renewable energies derived electricity or biomass (for example: glycerol) [17,21,22]. Therefore, the metal reductants can be recycled with renewable energies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research have demonstrated that CO 2 or NaHCO 3 can be reduced into organic chemicals such as CH 4 , HCOOH and CH 3 OH effectively and efficiently under hydrothermal condition with earth abundant metallic materials such as Fe, Al, and Zn [17][18][19][20]. In such hydrothermal CO 2 reduction, the required hydrogen source comes from the in-situ reaction of high temperature water (HTW).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pd/C-catalyzed reduction of NaHCO 3 into CH 3 COOH with water as a hydrogen source

et al. 2016

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated CO 2 can be converted into formic acid under hydrothermal conditions using Fe as a reductant and Ni as a catalyst. 16,17 Thus, the formic acid formed in the presence of CO 2 can be attributed to the reduction of CO 2 during the hydrothermal cracking of EPDM.The analytical results of gas samples with and without CO 2 showed that the concentrations of hydrocarbons with 1À6 carbon atoms were significantly higher in the presence of CO 2 than those in the absence of CO 2 , particularly for methane at 450°C (see Figure 2). On the basis of previous results, which showed that CO 2 can be reduced to CH 4 with metals as reductants under hydrothermal conditions, 9,18À20 although further studies are needed, these results suggested that the methane also could be attributed to the reduction of CO 2 .…”

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confidence: 88%

Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in Hydrothermal Cracking of Polymer Wastes

et al. 2011

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T he Earth's environment is seriously threatened by an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations. To support sustainable development in the 21st century, controlling the global warming caused by the increasing atmospheric CO 2 levels has become a main scientific and technological challenge. 1 To prevent catastrophic events related to atmospheric CO 2 , the emission of CO 2 should be reduced as soon as possible. One of the most promising solutions to overcome this challenge is the conversion of CO 2 into valuable chemicals, thus contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric CO 2 load. This process is regarded as one of the most ideal solutions for the "greenhouse effect" problem. Potential techniques have been studied extensively, including FischerÀTropsch reactions, photochemical or electrochemical conversions, catalytic hydrogenation, and producing valuable compounds, such as methanol and methane. 2À5 In recent decades, hydrothermal reactions have received more attention for the treatment of organic wastes and biomass conversion because of the unique inherent properties of hightemperature water (HTW) that include a high ion product (K w ) and a low dielectric constant, which are favorable for promoting reactions without catalysts. 6À9 In our previous studies, it was found that hydrogen can be generated during the hydrothermal cracking of bitumen and polymer wastes, such as polyethylene (PE) and sulfur-containing rubber. 10À14 A cheap source of hydrogen has become the primary challenge in the conversion of CO 2 . Hydrogen is currently produced by reforming hydrocarbons, which is an energy-intensive process. If the hydrogen produced during the hydrothermal cracking of polymer wastes could be directly used to reduce CO 2 , then an efficient process for CO 2 conversion and polymer waste use would be realized.In this study, we examined the possibility of CO 2 reduction during the hydrothermal cracking of polymer wastes. PE, as a representative of plastic waste, and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), as a model for sulfur-containing waste rubber, were used as test materials. The molecular structure of EPDM can be found in the Supporting Information. Experiments were conducted at temperatures varying from 300 to 450°C in a bomb-type batch reactor with a Hastelloy C-276 inner wall and an inner volume of 42 mL. The reactor was equipped with a highpressure valve to allow for pressure measurements, CO 2 input, and gas sampling. The experimental setup has been described in detail elsewhere. 15 After reactions, gas and liquid samples were collected and analyzed by gas chromatographyÀthermal conductivity detector (GCÀTCD) and gas chromatographyÀmass spectroscopy (GCÀMS), respectively. A more detailed description of experimental procedures and the gas collection method can be found in the Supporting Information.First, experiments with PE were conducted with various temperatures (300À450°C), reaction times, and initial pH values with or without CO 2 . No significant differences were observed in th...

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High-yield reduction of carbon dioxide into formic acid by zero-valent metal/metal oxide redox cycles

Cited by 153 publications

References 34 publications

Highly efficient water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction into formic acid with iron and copper powder

Highly efficient water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction into formic acid with iron and copper powder

Pd/C-catalyzed reduction of NaHCO 3 into CH 3 COOH with water as a hydrogen source

Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in Hydrothermal Cracking of Polymer Wastes

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