High‐κ and High‐Temperature Dipolar Glass Polymers Based on Sulfonylated and Cyanolated Poly(Arylene Ether)s for Capacitive Energy Storage

Abstract

High energy density, high temperature, and low loss dielectric polymers have drawn increasing attention in research owing to their potential applications in power electronic and pulsed power devices. In this study, a new class of organo‐soluble dipolar glass polymers (DGPs) are synthesized via polycondensation and post‐functionalization of poly(aryl ether)s (PAEs) based on phenolphthalin. Due to the nonplanar backbone structure, the strongly dipolar side groups (‐SO2CH3 and ‐CH2CH2CN) can easily rotate in these PAEs. As a result, desirable physical properties are obtained: high dielectric constant (4.4–5.6), high glass transition temperature (155–180 °C), good mechanical property, and low dielectric loss (dissipation factor < 0.005). Among them, cyanolized poly(aryl ether nitrile) exhibit the highest discharged energy density of 8.6 J cm−3 at 650 MV m−1 and room temperature with a high discharged efficiency of 94.3%. At 100 °C, cyanolized poly(ether ether ketone) shows the highest discharged energy density of 7.3 J cm−3 at 600 MV m−1 with a discharged efficiency of 91%. Furthermore, these functionalized PAEs exhibit good mechanical toughness with a tensile strength at a break of 60‐120 MPa and elongation at a break of ≈5%. Based on their thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties, these phenolphthalin‐based PAEs are promising for potential applications such as film capacitors.

Engineering Poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone) Dielectric Films for Stable High-Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage

“…This probably requires the addition of a different component to reduce conduction loss and improve U e and η at 200 °C. Figure gives the values of E b and U e that have been reported for typical polymer dielectrics and the present work. ,,− The superiority of this work is evident from the figure.…”

Side‐Chain‐Type High Dielectric‐Constant Dipolar Polyimides with Temperature Resistance

“…High dielectric-constant polymer dielectrics with hightemperature resistance are crucial in modern electronic industries and pulsed power devices, such as hybrid electric vehicles, aerospace power conditioning, wind generators, and advanced propulsion systems. [1,2] A variety of high-performance polymers such as polyimide (PI), polyetherimide (PEI), poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES), and poly(arylene ether nitrile) (PEN) have been developed as the high DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200639 dielectric-constant polymers and used in the high-temperature environments due to the excellent high-temperature resistance and good dielectric properties. [3,4] Compared with the other high-performance polymers, though the polyimide usually shows relatively high water adsorption and inferior water resistance due to its hydrophilic imide rings, polyimide has outstanding comprehensive performance including better dimensional stability, and better structural designability.…”

Perspectives on Membrane Development for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

“…Poly­(arylene ether ketone)­s (PAEKs) are a class of engineering plastics that contain repeating units of ketone and ether and demonstrate strong thermal/oxygen stability as well as reliable mechanical qualities. , Since the PAEK-based polymers are inherently lacking in binding sites for PA, basic groups such as triazole, , imidazolium, , and quaternary ammonium − are commonly grafted into the structure to enable the formation of acid–base ion pairs with PA.…”