Higher adherence to French dietary guidelines and chronic diseases in the prospective SU.VI.MAX cohort

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Nutritional recommendations are widely disseminated, but assessment of their predictive value for risk of chronic diseases and mortality is essential for ensuring their validity. We evaluated, in a large population-based study, the association between the French Programme National Nutrition Santé (PNNS) Guideline Score (GS) (maximum score of 15 points), an a priori-based score, and the incidences of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and overall mortality. Subjects/Methods: Subjects included in this analysis (n ¼ 5823) were participants in the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux AntioXydants study, with available data for estimating the PNNS-GS. Hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for outcomes (cancer, CVD and death) were estimated across quartiles of PNNS-GS using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: A total of 734 major events were recorded during an average 11.6-year follow-up (maximum 13 years): 423 cancers, 193 ischemic diseases and 118 deaths. In the fully adjusted model, a significant reduction in CVD risk between the first and fourth PNNS-GS quartiles (HR ¼ 0.65, 95% CI ¼ 0.41, 1.00, P for trend ¼ 0.04) was observed. No significant overall association with risk of cancer or death was detected. Conclusions: These observations support the role of nutritional guidelines in prevention of CVD.

Prospective Association Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Cardiovascular Diseases in the SUpplémentation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) Cohort

“…Other studies have focused on other dietary indexes. For instance, a higher level of adherence to the French dietary guidelines, as reflected in Programme National Nutrition Santé‐Guideline Score (PNNS‐GS), was associated with a lower risk of CVD . This result is consistent with those obtained examining other diet quality indexes .…”

Unemployment is associated with high cardiovascular event rate and increased all-cause mortality in middle-aged socially privileged individuals

“…The increased cardiovascular risk is noteworthy because it is observed in middle-aged socially privileged individuals who were not likely to have had very unhealthy lifestyles before or following unemployment (Kendzor et al 2008;Morrell et al 1998;Peretti-Watel and Constance 2009). These individuals had a high education level and an elevated socio-economic status, they were very motivated to participate in the study as indicated by their very low dropout rate during follow-up , and they paid great attention to their health as demonstrated by their strong adherence to lipid-lowering or antihypertensive drug treatments and their high receptiveness to nutritional messages (Kesse-Guyot et al 2011), behaviours that were probably reinforced by the repeated inquiries throughout follow-up. The healthy lifestyle of participants is confirmed by the comparison with randomly selected individuals, which shows that they have a much lower smoking rate as well as clinical characteristics that, with the exception of blood lipids, are closer to optimal values.…”

Midlife Dietary Vitamin D Intake and Subsequent Performance in Different Cognitive Domains

“…Data collection relied on the Minitel (a small terminal widely used in France as an adjunct to the telephone). Consistent with the trial's steering committee decision and prior SU.VI.MAX reports [19], dietary records with <100 or >6,000 kcal/day were excluded; further, men reporting <800 kcal/day and women reporting <500 kcal/day across one third or more of their dietary records were also excluded. A French food composition table was used to calculate nutrient values [20].…”