Higher alcohol and oxygenate synthesis over cesium-doped Cu/Zno catalysts

Nunan, John; Bogdan, Charles E.; Klier, K.; Smith, Kevin J.; Young, C.-W.; Herman, R.G.

doi:10.1016/0021-9517(89)90086-9

Cited by 181 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Ethanol can then be produced by hydrogenation of the C 2 precursor. Chain growth of alcohol proceeds via nucleophilic attack of formyl either on the α or β carbon of the lower alcohol, leading to linear chain growth or branching [33]. With alkali-promoted Cn/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 catalysts, β-addition can be the dominant path, consistent with the fact that isobutanol selectivity is always higher than other C 4 alcohols during methanol synthesis [34].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Impurity Formationmentioning

confidence: 75%

Revisiting Catalyst Structure and Mechanism in Methanol Synthesis

Wu¹,

Cole²,

Fang³

et al. 2017

JAN

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Abstract. Methanol synthesis is a mature industrial process, where industrial Cu/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst is commonly used. Howerver, function of the active catalyst component and reaction mechanism is still vague. In this contribution, the function of each catalyst component including the synergy between Cu and ZnO, reaction mechanism including carbon source of methanol, key intermediates and elementary steps, and kinetics of methanol synthesis and impurities formation are discussed based on the latest literature survey.

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Section: Mechanism Of Impurity Formationmentioning

confidence: 75%

Revisiting Catalyst Structure and Mechanism in Methanol Synthesis

Wu¹,

Cole²,

Fang³

et al. 2017

JAN

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“…Nunan, et al (Nunan et al 1989) studied the effect of Cs-doping on Cu/ZnO catalysts. They determined that HAS product yields were maximized at 0.3-0.5 mol% Cs which translated to a surface concentration of 15-25%.…”

Section: Modified High Pressure/high Temperature Methanol Synthesis Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary screening: Technical and economic assessment of synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals with emphasis on the potential for biomass-derived syngas

2003

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Executive Summary/ConclusionsIn principle, syngas (primarily consisting of CO and H 2 ) can be produced from any hydrocarbon feedstock, including: natural gas, naphtha, residual oil, petroleum coke, coal, and biomass. The lowest cost routes for syngas production, however, are based on natural gas, the cheapest option being remote or stranded reserves. Economic considerations dictate that the current production of liquid fuels from syngas translates into the use of natural gas as the hydrocarbon source. Nevertheless, the syngas production operation in a gas-to-liquids plant amounts to greater than half of the capital cost of the plant. The choice of technology for syngas production also depends on the scale of the synthesis operation. Syngas production from solid fuels can require an even greater capital investment with the addition of feedstock handling and more complex syngas purification operations. The greatest impact on improving the economics of gasto liquids plants is through 1) decreasing capital costs associated with syngas production and 2) improving the thermal efficiency with better heat integration and utilization. Improved thermal efficiency can be obtained by combining the gas-to-liquids plant with a power generation plant to take advantage of the availability of low-pressure steam.

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“…The apparatus was described previously by Nunan et al [1989a], and a schematic diagram is provided in Figure 12. Special arrangements were made tominimize iron carbonyl formation from contact of CO with iron-containing surfaces, since deposition of iron from Fe(CO)5 over Cu-based catalyst sites causes irreversible deactivation [Bogdan et al, 1988].…”

Section: Activity Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efforts have been made to understand the nature of the catalytically active sites, as well as the mechanism of methanol and higher alcohol formation Mehta et al, 1979;Takahama et al, 1983;Bridgewater et al, 1983;Friedrich et al, 1983;Fleisch and Mieville, 1984;Klier et al, 1988;Nunan et al, 1988;Nunan et al, 1989a;Nunan et al, 1989b;Klier et al, 1993]. It was found that methanol yields could be greatly enhanced by the addition of small amounts of C02 and H20 to the synthesis gas feed Vedage et al, 1984a;Vedage et al, 1984b].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%