Higher- and lower-load resistance exercise training induce load-specific local muscle endurance changes in young women: a randomised trial

Fliss, Matthew D; Stevenson, Jordan; Mardan-Dezfouli, Sobhan; Li, Donna C. W.; Mitchell, Cameron J.

doi:10.1139/apnm-2022-0263

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Future research might also use randomized intervention designs to determine the extent to which strength preservation can be improved with training. Such research might identify exercise regimens that are most effective at improving tolerance to fatigue or lead to load-specific adaptations in muscle function (27,55,101).…”

Section: Practical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Strength Preservation During Repeated Sets of Fatiguing Resistance Exercise: A Secondary Analysis

Nuzzo

2024

Journal of Strength &Amp; Conditioning Research

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Nuzzo, JL. Muscle strength preservation during repeated sets of fatiguing resistance exercise: A secondary analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1149–1156, 2024—During sustained or repeated maximal voluntary efforts, muscle fatigue (acute strength loss) is not linear. After a large initial decrease, muscle strength plateaus at approximately 40% of baseline. This plateau, which likely reflects muscle strength preservation, has been observed in sustained maximal isometric and repeated maximal isokinetic contractions. Whether this pattern of fatigue occurs with traditional resistance exercise repetitions with free weights and weight stack machines has not been overviewed. Here, the aim was to determine whether the number of repetitions completed across 4 or more consecutive repetitions-to-failure tests exhibits the same nonlinear pattern of muscle fatigue. A secondary analysis was applied to data extracted as part of a recent meta-analysis on repetitions-to-failure tests. Studies were eligible if they reported mean number of repetitions completed in 4–6 consecutive repetitions-to-failure tests at a given relative load. Twenty-nine studies were included. Overall, the results show that the number of repetitions completed in consecutive repetitions-to-failure tests at a given load generally decreases curvilinearly. The numbers of repetitions completed in sets 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were equal to approximately 70, 55, 50, 45, and 45% of the number of repetitions completed in set 1, respectively. Longer interset rest intervals typically attenuated repetition loss, but the curvilinear pattern remained. From the results, a chart was created to predict the number of repetitions across 6 sets of resistance exercise taken to failure based on the number of repetitions completed in set 1. The chart is a general guide and educational tool. It should be used cautiously. More data from a variety of exercises, relative loads, and interset rest intervals are needed for more precise estimates of number of repetitions completed during repeated sets of fatiguing resistance exercise.

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Section: Practical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Strength Preservation During Repeated Sets of Fatiguing Resistance Exercise: A Secondary Analysis

Nuzzo

2024

Journal of Strength &Amp; Conditioning Research

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“…involves performing a maximal number of repetitions with a given absolute load regardless of changes in maximal strength (e.g., using 60% of pretraining 1RM at pre-and posttesting) [14]. In contrast, relative muscular endurance involves an individual performing a maximal number of repetitions with a load corresponding to a specific relative intensity or percentage of the individual's current 1RM (e.g., using 60% of pretraining and posttraining 1RM at pre-and posttesting, respectively) [14]. In addition, muscular endurance has been measured in several other ways when using different types of testing (e.g., isometric, isokinetic), such as time to task failure or total work during repeated isokinetic contractions [15,16].…”

Section: Key Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the size principle, motor units are recruited in an orderly manner from the smaller motor units (i.e., low threshold) to the larger motor units (i.e., high threshold) as required force increases or muscle fatigues [44]. Based on this, increases in strength following resistance training may require fewer motor units to lift an absolute submaximal load for the same number of repetitions, which may delay the involvement of larger motor units and reserve them to be recruited subsequently for sustaining the required force as fatigue develops [14,45]. This hypothesis is partially supported by Ploutz et al [45] who showed that less muscle was recruited to lift the same submaximal load in the untrained leg following 9 weeks of unilateral knee extension training [45], which may reserve larger motor units to recruited on and consequently allow for better performance on the absolute muscular endurance test in the untrained limb.…”

Section: Increases In Muscle Strength (Cross-education Of Strength)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Education of Muscular Endurance: A Scoping Review

Song,

Yamada,

Kataoka

et al. 2024

Sports Med

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Background It is well established that performing unilateral resistance training can increase muscle strength not only in the trained limb but also in the contralateral untrained limb, which is widely known as the cross-education of strength. However, less attention has been paid to the question of whether performing unilateral resistance training can induce cross-education of muscular endurance, despite its significant role in both athletic performance and activities of daily living. Objectives The objectives of this scoping review were to provide an overview of the existing literature on cross-education of muscular endurance, as well as discuss its potential underlying mechanisms and offer considerations for future research. Methods A scoping review was conducted on the effects of unilateral resistance training on changes in muscular endurance in the contralateral untrained limb. This scoping review was conducted in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus. Results A total of 2000 articles were screened and 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among the 21 included studies, eight studies examined the cross-education of endurance via absolute (n = 6) or relative (n = 2) muscular endurance test, while five studies did not clearly indicate whether they examined absolute or relative muscular endurance. The remaining eight studies examined different types of muscular endurance measurements (e.g., time to task failure, total work, and fatigue index). Conclusion The current body of the literature does not provide sufficient evidence to draw clear conclusions on whether the cross-education of muscular endurance is present. The cross-education of muscular endurance (if it exists) may be potentially driven by neural adaptations (via bilateral access and/or cross-activation models that lead to cross-education of strength) and increased tolerance to exercise-induced discomfort. However, the limited number of available randomized controlled trials and the lack of understanding of underlying mechanisms provide a rationale for future research.

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Maximal Number of Repetitions at Percentages of the One Repetition Maximum: A Meta-Regression and Moderator Analysis of Sex, Age, Training Status, and Exercise

Nuzzo,

Pinto,

Nosaka

et al. 2023

Sports Med

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The maximal number of repetitions that can be completed at various percentages of the one repetition maximum (1RM) [REPS ~ %1RM relationship] is foundational knowledge in resistance exercise programming. The current REPS ~ %1RM relationship is based on few studies and has not incorporated uncertainty into estimations or accounted for between-individuals variation. Therefore, we conducted a meta-regression to estimate the mean and between-individuals standard deviation of the number of repetitions that can be completed at various percentages of 1RM. We also explored if the REPS ~ %1RM relationship is moderated by sex, age, training status, and/or exercise. A total of 952 repetitions-to-failure tests, completed by 7289 individuals in 452 groups from 269 studies, were identified. Study groups were predominantly male (66%), healthy (97%), < 59 years of age (92%), and resistance trained (60%). The bench press (42%) and leg press (14%) were the most commonly studied exercises. The REPS ~ %1RM relationship for mean repetitions and standard deviation of repetitions were best described using natural cubic splines and a linear model, respectively, with mean and standard deviation for repetitions decreasing with increasing %1RM. More repetitions were evident in the leg press than bench press across the loading spectrum, thus separate REPS ~ %1RM tables were developed for these two exercises. Analysis of moderators suggested little influences of sex, age, or training status on the REPS ~ %1RM relationship, thus the general main model REPS ~ %1RM table can be applied to all individuals and to all exercises other than the bench press and leg press. More data are needed to develop REPS ~ %1RM tables for other exercises.

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Higher- and lower-load resistance exercise training induce load-specific local muscle endurance changes in young women: a randomised trial

Cited by 7 publications

References 70 publications

Muscle Strength Preservation During Repeated Sets of Fatiguing Resistance Exercise: A Secondary Analysis

Muscle Strength Preservation During Repeated Sets of Fatiguing Resistance Exercise: A Secondary Analysis

Cross-Education of Muscular Endurance: A Scoping Review

Maximal Number of Repetitions at Percentages of the One Repetition Maximum: A Meta-Regression and Moderator Analysis of Sex, Age, Training Status, and Exercise

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