Higher dietary magnesium and potassium intake are associated with lower body fat in people with impaired glucose tolerance

Abstract

IntroductionObesity and diabetes are public health concerns worldwide, but few studies have examined the habitual intake of minerals on body composition in people with prediabetes.MethodsIn this prospective cross-sectional study, 155 Chinese subjects with IGT [median age: 59 (53–62) years, 58% female] had an assessment of body composition including body fat percentage, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and 3-day food records from nutritional programme analysis.ResultsDietary intake of minerals was negatively correlated with body fat. People with obesity had the lowest daily consumption of iron median (IQR) 10.3 (6.9–13.3) mg, magnesium 224 (181–282) mg, and potassium 1973 (1563–2,357) mg when compared to overweight [10.5 (8.0–14.5) mg, 273 (221–335) mg, and 2,204 (1720–2,650) mg] and normal weight individuals [13.2 (10.0–18.6) mg, 313 (243–368) mg, and 2,295 (1833–3,037) mg] (p = 0.008, <0.0001, and 0.013 respectively). Amongst targeted minerals, higher dietary magnesium and potassium intake remained significantly associated with lower body fat after the adjustment of age, gender, macronutrients, fibre, and physical activity.ConclusionDietary magnesium and potassium intake may be associated with lower body fat in people with impaired glucose tolerance. Inadequate dietary mineral intake may play contribute to obesity and metabolic disorders independent of macronutrients and fibre consumption.

Higher Short-Chain Fermentable Carbohydrates Are Associated with Lower Body Fat and Higher Insulin Sensitivity in People with Prediabetes

“…Fibre has been associated with weight loss and insulin response independently of macronutrient and caloric intake in subjects with obesity [54,55]. Interestingly, apart from fibre and minerals [56], we also found robust associations between habitual consumption of individual FODMAPs and body fat and insulin sensitivity, independent of total calorie, macronutrient, or fibre intake and physical activity. These short-chain fermentable carbohydrates regulate adipocyte differentiation with reduced ectopic fat accumulation and improved lipid metabolism shown in an animal study [47].…”

“…Amongst the 177 participants with IGT included in this analysis, 81% of subjects with IGT were either overweight or obese. A total of 59% were female with a median (IQR) age of 60 (54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62) years and BMI of 26.8 ± 3.9 kg/m 2 . A total of 42.9% were treated with antihypertensive drugs and 37.3% with statins.…”

Micronutrient Patterns and Low Intake of Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Folate, Magnesium, and Potassium Among Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Patients

“…In both groups, the RDI was not met for several micronutrients, including vitamin A, vitamin D, folate, magnesium, and potassium. These micronutrients play a crucial role in the prevention and management of diabetes [8,15]. For example, maintaining adequate serum levels of vitamin A or incorporating sufficient beta-carotene into the diet has been reported to improve insulin resistance [16].…”

Immunomodulation through Nutrition Should Be a Key Trend in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment

“…This mineral, which can be consumed together with fruits, vegetables, seeds, grain, cereals, meat and fish, and berries, is an important cofactor in over 600 activities [105]. The daily allowance of magnesium for females is 320 mg and 420 mg for males [106]. Mg 2+ is a part of numerous organic substances, like proteins, nucleic acids, and nucleotides.…”