Higher Dietary Magnesium Intake and Higher Magnesium Status Are Associated with Lower Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), the handling of magnesium is disturbed. Magnesium deficiency may be associated with a higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We investigated the associations between (1) dietary magnesium intake; (2) 24 h urinary magnesium excretion; and (3) plasma magnesium concentration with prevalent CHD in T2D patients. This cross-sectional analysis was performed on baseline data from the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente-1 (DIALECT-1, n = 450, age 63 ± 9 years, 57% men, and diabetes duration of 11 (7–18) years). Prevalence ratios (95% CI) of CHD by sex-specific quartiles of magnesium indicators, as well as by magnesium intake per dietary source, were determined using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. CHD was present in 100 (22%) subjects. Adjusted CHD prevalence ratios for the highest compared to the lowest quartiles were 0.40 (0.20, 0.79) for magnesium intake, 0.63 (0.32, 1.26) for 24 h urinary magnesium excretion, and 0.62 (0.32, 1.20) for plasma magnesium concentration. For every 10 mg increase of magnesium intake from vegetables, the prevalence of CHD was, statistically non-significantly, lower (0.75 (0.52, 1.08)). In this T2D cohort, higher magnesium intake, higher 24 h urinary magnesium excretion, and higher plasma magnesium concentration are associated with a lower prevalence of CHD.

Influence of Demographic and Lifestyle Variables on Plasma Magnesium Concentrations and Their Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population

“…Thus, it has been estimated that 40%-50% of adults do not achieve the average dietary intake (ADI) [14][15][16]. Although it is problematic to find good indicators of so-called magnesium deficiency in organisms [14,[17][18][19][20], a number of studies have been undertaken to reveal the percentage of the population that presents hypomagnesemia and its negative repercussions on health [20][21][22][23]. Many studies carried out on various populations have generally supported the protective role that magnesium plays when faced with different human health problems [22][23][24][25][26].…”

The Coordination Chemistry of Bio-Relevant Ligands and Their Magnesium Complexes

“…The concept of chronic latent magnesium depletion (hypomagnesaemia), defined as <0.75 mmol/L in blood [ 22 ] is not new, yet deficiency of magnesium remains an often unrecognized and widespread reality in the modern world [ 23 ]. Furthermore, insufficient magnesium is linked to a spectrum of clinical afflictions, including arrhythmias [ 24 ], hypertension [ 25 , 26 ], coronary artery disease [ 27 , 28 , 29 ], migraines/headaches [ 30 ], osteoporosis [ 31 , 32 , 33 ] and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [ 28 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Deep sea minerals ameliorate diabetic‐induced inflammation via inhibition of TNFα signaling pathways

“…51 A recent study concluded that a higher magnesium supplement coupled with a higher serum magnesium level appear negatively correlated to the prevalence of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients. 52 Results from other clinical trials also pointed that the heart rate variability, 53 arterial elasticity 54 and the survival rate as well as the clinical symptoms 55 in heart failure patients are improved through magnesium supplementation. In the present study, the protective effects of MgSO 4 is similar to DSW indicating that the anti-inflammation effects of DSW can be partly due to rich in magnesium.…”

“…Low serum magnesium level can cause various diseases, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, ventricular arrhythmia, and heart failure . A recent study concluded that a higher magnesium supplement coupled with a higher serum magnesium level appear negatively correlated to the prevalence of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients . Results from other clinical trials also pointed that the heart rate variability, arterial elasticity and the survival rate as well as the clinical symptoms in heart failure patients are improved through magnesium supplementation.…”