“…This narrow framing is pervasive as most of the early student leadership development research has exclusively examined white students (Kodama & Dugan, 2013), while leadership education literature on AAPI students' experiences remain limited (Balón, 2003). Notably, during the 1980s and 1990s, higher education practices began to shift towards inclusive paradigms (Barnes, 2020), exploring alternative strategies to develop multicultural environments (Tierney, 1992). By the following decade, identity‐based leadership frameworks emerged, suggesting students of color understood leadership concepts relationally based on their racial background that encompassed “experiences of racism, historical roots, language, biculturalism, socioeconomic status, cultural values, nonverbal communication, and assumptions about the world” (Arminio et al., 2000, p. 498).…”