Higher excited state luminescence in Ti2+:MgCl2 Dynamics of radiative and nonradiative processes

Exchange-Induced Upconversion in Rb2MnCl4:Yb3+

“…Enhancement of spin-forbidden bands by up to 3 orders of magnitude have been reported. 16 In Cr 3+ dimers, cooperative double excitations, corresponding to the simultaneous excitation of both ions by a single photon, can be very prominent in the absorption spectrum. 32 In the present case, the relevant exchange coupling is between the lanthanide ion Yb 3+ and the transition-metal ion Mn 2+ .…”

“…We have observed UC phenomena in Ti 2+ (3d 2 ), Ni 2+ (3d 8 ), Mo 3+ (4d 3 ), Re 4+ (5d 3 ), and Os 4+ (5d 4 ) doped halides. [16][17][18][19][20] Very recently, we have started to combine TM and lanthanide ions in the same crystal, with very new and surprising results. Yb 3+ doped RbMnCl 3 , CsMnCl 3 , and CsMnBr 3 crystals emitted visible light upon NIR excitation of Yb 3+ around 1 µm at cryogenic temperatures.…”

Sharp2Eupconversion luminescence ofCr3+inHeer1, Wermuth2, Krämer3 et al. 2002Phys. Rev. B

“…The much younger research field of transition-metal upconversion has grown in recent years but is much less explored. UC has been observed in Ti 2ϩ -, 4 Ni 2ϩ -, 5 Mo 3ϩ -, 6 Re 4ϩ -, 7 and Os 4ϩ -͑Ref. 8͒ doped systems.…”

Near-infrared to visible photon upconversion in Mn2+ and Yb3+ containing materials

“…In our own research we have extended the UC investigations to transition metal (TM) [1][2][3] and mixed TM/Ln systems [4][5][6]. This turned out to be an essentially unexplored [7,8] but very fertile field.…”