Higher Fusarium Toxin Accumulation in Grain of Winter Triticale Lines Inoculated with Fusarium culmorum as Compared with Wheat

Abstract

Resistance to Fusarium head blight in 32 winter triticale and 34 winter wheat accessions was evaluated. Triticale and wheat were sown in field experiments in two locations. At the time of flowering, heads were inoculated with three Fusarium culmorum isolates. Fusarium head blight index was scored and after the harvest percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels was assessed. Grain was analysed for type B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol and derivatives, nivalenol) and zearalenone (ZEN) content. The average Fusarium head blight indexes were 28.0% for wheat and 19.2% for triticale accessions. The percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels was also higher for wheat and came to 55.6%, while for triticale this figure was 40.2%. The average content of deoxynivalenol (DON) for wheat amounted to 11.65 mg/kg and was lower than the result for triticale which was 14.12 mg/kg. The average contents of nivalenol were similar in both cereals: 4.13 mg/kg and 5.19 mg/kg for wheat and triticale respectively. Considerable amounts of DON derivatives in the cereals were also detected. The ZEN content in the grain was 0.60 mg/kg for wheat and 0.66 mg/kg for triticale. Relationships between Fusarium head blight index, Fusarium damaged kernels and mycotoxin contents were statistically significant for wheat and mostly insignificant for triticale. Triticale proved to have less infected heads and kernels than wheat. However, the content of type B trichothecenes was higher in triticale grain than in wheat grain.

Malting of Fusarium Head Blight-Infected Rye (Secale cereale): Growth of Fusarium graminearum, Trichothecene Production, and the Impact on Malt Quality

“…As such, there would seem to be the possibility for greater ramification within the kernel. A recent report by Góral et al [ 45 ] showed higher content of type B trichothecenes in winter triticale than winter wheat varieties grown in inoculated nurseries ( F. culmorum ) at two locations, despite lower FHB disease symptoms occurring in triticale. Triticale is a hybrid of wheat ( Triticum ) and rye ( Secale ).…”

Identification of Proteomic Components Associated with Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Rye

“…): KF 846 (DON chemotype), KF 350 (NIV chemotype) and ZFR 112 (ZEN type) ( Góral et al, 2019 ). Equal volumes of conidial suspensions of these three isolates were mixed ( Góral et al, 2016 ). The flowering rye heads (65 ZGS) were inoculated by spraying with the spore suspension at a rate of approximately 100 ml/m 2 .…”

Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight, Kernel Damage and Concentration of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Grain of Winter Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) Lines

“…The type B trichothecenes (DON, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3AcDON), 15acetyldeoxynivalenol (15AcDON) and NIV) were detected. The methodology used for the extraction and detection of the samples with use of gas chromatography is described in detail by Góral et al [27,36].…”

“…The content of ZEN was determined using a quantitative direct, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) AgraQuant® ZON 40/1000 (LOD 10 ppb) (Romer Labs Inc., Newark, DE, USA). The detailed methodology used for the quantitative analysis of ZEN is described by Góral et al [27].…”

“…However, in an earlier by paper Langevin et al [26], they found that triticale responded similarly to wheat to the point inoculation with F. graminearum. In our study, we observed that triticale lines were more resistant to FHB and kernel damage than wheat but were similar in regard to Fusarium toxins accumulation [27]. Depending on environmental conditions and genotype, triticale could accumulate high amounts of trichothecene toxins [13,28].…”