Higher Heart Weight in New Zealand Māori and Pacific Islanders

Philcox, Winston; Garland, Jack; Zaidi, Faseeh; Morrow, Paul; Kesha, Kilak; Stables, Simon; Wong, Christopher X.; Spark, Amy; Tse, Rexson

doi:10.1097/paf.0000000000000403

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Heart weight associates with age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, and ethnicity (3‐13). The heart weight can be compared with reference tables, online calculators, and established reference ranges to determine whether the heart weight is normal or pathological (5,14‐18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Differences in PostMortem Heart Weight Before and After Dissection Using the Short‐Axis Dissecting Method

Loper

Garland

Ondruschka

et al. 2020

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Correctly assessing heart weight can be critical at postmortem examination. The current international guidelines advocate using the short‐axis method in dissecting the heart and the heart weighed when the blood is emptied. However, it did not specify at what point the heart should be weighed or how the blood should be emptied. This study compared heart weights at three different time points during the heart examination (immediately after dissecting out of the pericardial sac with blood still in chambers, blood washed/removed from heart chambers without the heart opened, and the heart completely opened, blood emptied, and pad dried). This was to illustrate the variation in measurement and potential errors when the heart is weighed at different time of dissection. The results show that there were statistical and clinical significant differences between the heart weights at each weighing points. We recommend the heart to be completely dissected with any blood and residual washing/rinsing water emptied before being weighed. Although performed in this study, the effect of pad drying the heart on heart weight was not explored and was a limitation in this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Differences in PostMortem Heart Weight Before and After Dissection Using the Short‐Axis Dissecting Method

Loper

Garland

Ondruschka

et al. 2020

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…In addition, we found that the heart weight of EW15 group was significantly higher than CON group. Heart weight is dependent on sex, age, height, and weight [18]. It may be caused by the relative higher height of EW15 group and not pathological phenotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects Study of Early Weaning Time on the Growth and Development of Dairy Sheep Lamb

Ma¹,

Zhong²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

IJFSA

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Appropriate early weaning (EW) technology can maximize the value of maternal sheep production without impact the normal growth and development of lambs. However, there is no mature EW technology for dairy sheep lambs. This study aimed to establish an appropriate EW technology for the crossbreed offspring of Dairy Meade (DM) sheep and Small-tailed Han (STH) sheep. The male lambs with similar birth weight were separated as four groups: three experimental groups (EW, n=6 of each group) of 7, 15 and 25D weaning after birth which using restricted milk replacer (MR) and the control group (CON, n=8) which artificially-reared with breast milk. The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth performance among each group at D90. In terms of organ weight, except the heart weight EW7 was higher than CON (p < 0.05), there was no significant difference between others (p > 0.05). The routine analysis of blood showed that there was no significant difference in major components between EW and CON groups. Histological analysis of digestive system showed that there was no significant difference between EW groups and CON except the rumen papillae width of EW25. The results of rumen fermentation parameters showed that there was no significant difference in pH and microbial proteins (MCP) content between EW groups and CON. In total, Different weaning time did not significantly affect the growth and development of dairy sheep lambs. Early weaning at D7 is a better strategy for the improvement of financial value of maternal sheep.

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“…Importantly, heart volume was measured by a standard method based on easy to identify landmarks, while the heart mass was measured using a thorough and validated method that removes the confounding influence of water residual from rinsing [ 11 , 12 ]. Finally, previous study of heart mass predictors in a multi-ethnic Aotearoa New Zealand post-mortem cohort found that heart mass can be independently predicted by ethnicity (as a dichotomous variable) when modelled alongside age, male sex, and body size indices [ 3 ]. Case ethnicity, as self-identified in medical records, was not considered as a variable in the current study due to insufficient sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from cardiovascular pathology, heart mass is independently associated with the age and sex of post-mortem cases, as well as with several measures of body size, including body weight and height, and body surface area (BSA) [ 1 , 3 – 5 ]. These associations have led to the formulation of reference tables or normal ranges for heart mass from easy-to-obtain characteristics and body measures [ 1 , 4 – 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating heart mass from heart volume as measured from post-mortem computed tomography

Aitken‐Buck

Moore

Whalley

et al. 2022

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Heart mass can be predicted from heart volume as measured from post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT), but with limited accuracy. Although related to heart mass, age, sex, and body dimensions have not been included in previous studies using heart volume to estimate heart mass. This study aimed to determine whether heart mass estimation can be improved when age, sex, and body dimensions are used as well as heart volume. Eighty-seven (24 female) adult post-mortem cases were investigated. Univariable predictors of heart mass were determined by Spearman correlation and simple linear regression. Stepwise linear regression was used to generate heart mass prediction equations. Heart mass estimate performance was tested using median mass comparison, linear regression, and Bland–Altman plots. Median heart mass (P = 0.0008) and heart volume (P = 0.008) were significantly greater in male relative to female cases. Alongside female sex and body surface area (BSA), heart mass was univariably associated with heart volume in all cases (R2 = 0.72) and in male (R2 = 0.70) and female cases (R2 = 0.64) when segregated. In multivariable regression, heart mass was independently associated with age and BSA (R2 adjusted = 0.46–0.54). Addition of heart volume improved multivariable heart mass prediction in the total cohort (R2 adjusted = 0.78), and in male (R2 adjusted = 0.74) and female (R2 adjusted = 0.74) cases. Heart mass estimated from multivariable models incorporating heart volume, age, sex, and BSA was more predictive of actual heart mass (R2 = 0.75–0.79) than models incorporating either age, sex, and BSA only (R2 = 0.48–0.57) or heart volume only (R2 = 0.64–0.73). Heart mass can be more accurately predicted from heart volume measured from PMCT when combined with the classical predictors, age, sex, and BSA.

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Higher Heart Weight in New Zealand Māori and Pacific Islanders

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Significant Differences in PostMortem Heart Weight Before and After Dissection Using the Short‐Axis Dissecting Method

Significant Differences in PostMortem Heart Weight Before and After Dissection Using the Short‐Axis Dissecting Method

Effects Study of Early Weaning Time on the Growth and Development of Dairy Sheep Lamb

Estimating heart mass from heart volume as measured from post-mortem computed tomography

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