It has been recently proved that rational quadratic circles in standard Bezier form are parameterized by chord-length. If we consider that standard circles coincide with the isoparametric curves in a system of bipolar coordinates, this property comes as a straightforward consequence. General curves with chord-length parametrization are simply the analogue in bipolar coordinates of nonparametric curves. This interpretation furnishes a compact explicit expression for all planar curves with rational chord-length parametrization. In addition to straight lines and circles in standard form, they include remarkable curves, such as the equilateral hyperbola, Lemniscate of Bernoulli and Limacon of Pascal. The extension to 3D rational curves is also tackled.Keywords: Bezier circle; Bipolar coordinates; Chord-length parametrization; Equilateral hyperbola; Lemniscate of Bernoulli
Chord-length parametrizationGiven a parametric curve p(t) over a certain domain t e [a,b], its chord-length at a given point p(7) is defined as (Farm, 2001(Farm, , 2006 Chord-length parametrization admits an intuitive physical interpretation (Fig. 1). Suppose you have a rubber band of unit length, on which we draw a unit scale representing the unit domain. Then we attach the rubber band to two fixed points A, B and trace a curve by holding the band tout, pressing on it using a pencil without friction. As the band is submitted to a common tension all along its length, it stretches linearly, and hence condition (1) is satisfied. In fact, we could draw any curve using this method, but in general the curve would not be parametrized by a rational function of the chord u. The question to solve is precisely finding the curves for which the resulting parametrization is rational