Higher Peripheral Thyroid Sensitivity Is Linked to a Lower Risk of Heart Failure After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background It is still not clear how free triiodothyronine (FT3) to free thyroxine (FT4) ratio affects the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), especially the risk of heart failure (HF) subsequent AMI. Objective The purpose of this study was to see how peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones, as measured by the FT3/FT4 ratio, affected HF and mortality after AMI. Methods Our study was a retrospective cohort study. The primary endpoint was HF post-AMI during and after hospitalization. The secondary endpoints were all-cause death and cardiovascular death after hospitalization. Results The main sample included 3,648 AMI inpatients with a median age of 61.0 years, and 68.9% were male. In the fully adjusted model, compared with patients in the lowest Q1 of the FT3/FT4 ratio, the risk of in-hospital HF was reduced by 44% (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.44-0.72, P trend < 0.001), the risk of out-of-hospital HF in the highest Q4 patients was reduced by 37% (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.48-0.84, P trend = 0.001), and the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular death were also significantly reduced. The analysis of different subgroups is consistent with the overall results. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of the euthyroid sample of 2,484 patients was consistent with the main sample. Mediation analysis showed that altered levels of NT-proBNP were mediators between the FT3/FT4 ratio and all endpoints in our study. Conclusion The thyroid hormone peripheral sensitivity of the FT3/FT4 ratio is an independent predictor of heart failure and mortality after AMI.