Higher physiological vulnerability to hypoxic exposure with advancing age in the human brain

Vestergaard, Mark Bitsch; Jensen, Mette L.; Arngrim, Nanna; Lindberg, Ulrich; Larsson, Henrik

doi:10.1177/0271678x18818291

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“… 62 With higher age, the brain’s ability to metabolize lactate in blood which crosses the blood–brain barrier 63 is reduced, 62 especially under conditions of reduced perfusion. 64 Reduced hippocampal perfusion is present in adults over 70 years of age after intense exercise but not in adults under 70 years. 13 It is possible that HIIT in the 70+ age group can lead to higher brain lactate levels combined with decreased perfusion of the hippocampus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 5 Years of Exercise Intervention at Different Intensities on Brain Structure in Older Adults from the General Population: A Generation 100 Substudy

Pani¹,

Reitlo²,

Evensmoen³

et al. 2021

CIA

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Purpose The aim was to examine the effect of a 5-year exercise intervention at different intensities on brain structure in older adults from the general population partaking in the randomized controlled trial Generation 100 Study. Participants and Methods Generation 100 Study participants were invited to a longitudinal neuroimaging study before randomization. A total of 105 participants (52 women, 70–77 years) volunteered. Participants were randomized into supervised exercise twice a week performing high intensity interval training in 4×4 intervals at ~90% peak heart rate (HIIT, n = 33) or 50 minutes of moderate intensity continuous training at ~70% of peak heart rate (MICT, n = 24). The control group (n = 48) followed the national physical activity guidelines of ≥30 min physical activity daily. Brain MRI at 3T, clinical and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), measured as peak oxygen uptake, were collected at baseline, and after 1, 3, and 5 years of intervention. Brain volumes and cortical thickness were derived from T1 weighted 3D MRI data using FreeSurfer. The effect of HIIT or MICT on brain volumes over time was investigated with linear mixed models, while linear regressions examined the effect of baseline CRF on brain volumes at later time points. Results Adherence in each group was between 79 and 94% after 5 years. CRF increased significantly in all groups during the first year. Compared to controls, the HIIT group had significantly increased hippocampal atrophy located to CA1 and hippocampal body, though within normal range, and the MICT group greater thalamic atrophy. No other effects of intervention group were found. CRF across the intervention was not associated with brain structure, but CRF at baseline was positively associated with cortical volume at all later time points. Conclusion Higher baseline CRF reduced 5-year cortical atrophy rate in older adults, while following physical activity guidelines was associated with the lowest hippocampal and thalamic atrophy rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 5 Years of Exercise Intervention at Different Intensities on Brain Structure in Older Adults from the General Population: A Generation 100 Substudy

Pani¹,

Reitlo²,

Evensmoen³

et al. 2021

CIA

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“…It is also possible that elevated CBF in lipedema is related to systemic physiological effects that influence oxygen delivery. For example, hematological variables, such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood oxygenation, affect CBF (41,42), with reductions in hemoglobin and arterial oxygen saturation requiring slight upregulation of CBF to maintain adequate delivery of oxygen to tissue. Although there is no evidence of anemia or hemoglobinopathy reported in patients with lipedema, we cannot entirely rule out contributions from such changes because these values were not measured here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging of Cerebral Blood Flow and Sodium in Women with Lipedema

Petersen

Garza

Donahue

et al. 2020

Obesity

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Lipedema is characterized by pain, fatigue, and excessive adipose tissue and sodium accumulation of the lower extremities. This case-control study aims to determine whether sodium or vascular dysfunction is present in the central nervous system. Methods: Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3 T in patients with lipedema (n = 15) and control (n = 18) participants matched for sex, age, race, and BMI. Standard anatomical imaging and intracranial angiography were applied to evaluate brain volume and vasculopathy, respectively; arterial spin labeling and sodium magnetic resonance imaging were applied to quantify cerebral blood flow (CBF) (milliliters per 100 grams of tissue/minute) and brain tissue sodium content (millimoles per liter), respectively. A Mann-Whitney U test (significance criteria P < 0.05) was applied to evaluate group differences. Results: No differences in tissue volume, white matter hyperintensities, intracranial vasculopathy, or tissue sodium content were observed between groups. Gray matter CBF was elevated (P = 0.03) in patients with lipedema (57.2 ± 9.6 mL per 100 g/min) versus control participants (49.8 ± 9.1 mL per 100 g/min). Conclusions: Findings provide evidence that brain sodium and tissue fractions are similar between patients with lipedema and control participants and that patients with lipedema do not exhibit abnormal radiological indicators of intracranial vasculopathy or ischemic injury. Potential explanations for elevated CBF are discussed in the context of the growing literature on lipedema symptomatology and vascular dysfunction.

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“…Moreover we will use the functional data to assess cerebral blood flow and the spectroscopy data will provide novel data on cerebral lactate metabolism. 90 …”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of prenatal nutrient supplementation and early life exposures on neurodevelopment at age 10: a randomised controlled trial - the COPSYCH study protocol

et al. 2022

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IntroductionNutrient deficiency and immune and inflammatory disturbances in early life may compromise neurodevelopment and be implicated in the aetiology of psychiatric disorders. However, current evidence is limited by its predominantly observational nature. COpenhagen Prospective Study on Neuro-PSYCHiatric Development (COPSYCH) is a research alliance between Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research with the overall aim to investigate effects of prenatal and early life exposures on neurodevelopment at 10 years. COPSYCH will investigate the impact of prenatal n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) and high-dose vitamin D supplementation on neurodevelopment reflected by brain development, neurocognition and psychopathology. Moreover, the neurodevelopmental impact of early life exposures such as infections, low grade inflammation and the gut microbiome will be scrutinised.Methods and analysisCOPSYCH is based on the prospective and ongoing COPSAC2010 birth cohort of 700 mother–child pairs. Randomised controlled trials of supplementation with n-3 LCPUFA and/or high-dose vitamin D or placebo in the third trimester were embedded in a factorial 2×2 design (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01233297 and NCT00856947). This unique cohort provides deep phenotyping data from 14 previous clinical follow-up visits and exposure assessments since birth. The ongoing 10-year visit is a 2-day visit. Day 1 includes a comprehensive neurocognitive examination, and assessment of psychopathological dimensions, and assessment of categorical psychopathology. Day 2 includes acquisition of brain structural, diffusion and functional sequences using 3 Tesla MRI. Study outcomes are neurocognitive, psychopathological and MRI measures.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Danish National Committee on Health Research Ethics and The Danish Data Protection Agency. The study is conducted in accordance with the guiding principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Parents gave written informed consent before enrolment.

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Higher physiological vulnerability to hypoxic exposure with advancing age in the human brain

Cited by 25 publications

References 59 publications

Effect of 5 Years of Exercise Intervention at Different Intensities on Brain Structure in Older Adults from the General Population: A Generation 100 Substudy

Effect of 5 Years of Exercise Intervention at Different Intensities on Brain Structure in Older Adults from the General Population: A Generation 100 Substudy

Neuroimaging of Cerebral Blood Flow and Sodium in Women with Lipedema

Effects of prenatal nutrient supplementation and early life exposures on neurodevelopment at age 10: a randomised controlled trial - the COPSYCH study protocol

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