Higher rate of evolution of X chromosome alpha-repeat DNA in human than in the great apes.

Laursen, Henning; Jørgensen, Arne Lund; Jones, C. A.; Bak, A. Leth

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05300.x

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…5B). These data are consistent with divergence between chimpanzee and human higher-order ␣-satellite present on the X chromosome; human and chimpanzee copies of DXZ1 are 93.0% identical (Laursen et al 1992). Thus, even though our comparative analysis of higher-order ␣-satellite on chromosome 17 is limited to the four monomers of PTR219 available, data from both chromosome 17 and the X chromosome support a higher rate of divergence among higher-order as compared to monomeric ␣-satellite.…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Of ␣-Satellite In Primatessupporting

confidence: 76%

The evolutionary dynamics of α-satellite

Rudd¹,

Wray²,

Willard³

2005

Genome Res.

126

144

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␣-Satellite is a family of tandemly repeated sequences found at all normal human centromeres. In addition to its significance for understanding centromere function, ␣-satellite is also a model for concerted evolution, as ␣-satellite repeats are more similar within a species than between species. There are two types of ␣-satellite in the human genome; while both are made up of ∼171-bp monomers, they can be distinguished by whether monomers are arranged in extremely homogeneous higher-order, multimeric repeat units or exist as more divergent monomeric ␣-satellite that lacks any multimeric periodicity. In this study, as a model to examine the genomic and evolutionary relationships between these two types, we have focused on the chromosome 17 centromeric region that has reached both higher-order and monomeric ␣-satellite in the human genome assembly. Monomeric and higher-order ␣-satellites on chromosome 17 are phylogenetically distinct, consistent with a model in which higher-order evolved independently of monomeric ␣-satellite. Comparative analysis between human chromosome 17 and the orthologous chimpanzee chromosome indicates that monomeric ␣-satellite is evolving at approximately the same rate as the adjacent non-␣-satellite DNA. However, higher-order ␣-satellite is less conserved, suggesting different evolutionary rates for the two types of ␣-satellite.[Supplemental material is available online at www.genome.org.]All ␣-satellite DNA is made up of tandem monomers, each ∼171 bp in length (Manuelidis and Wu 1978;Willard and Waye 1987b). As revealed by patterns of monomer organization, there are two major types of ␣-satellite DNA in the human genome, designated higher-order and monomeric (Warburton and Willard 1996;Alexandrov et al. 2001;. Higher-order ␣-satellite DNA is made up of monomers arranged in multimeric repeat units that are highly similar from repeat unit to repeat unit. These higher-order repeat units are positioned tandemly to make up an array of extremely homogeneous higher-order ␣-satellite typically several megabases in size. In contrast, monomeric ␣-satellite lacks detectable higher-order periodicity, and its constituent monomers are far less homogeneous than are higher-order repeat units . All normal human centromeres contain large arrays of higher-order ␣-satellite (Warburton and Willard 1996;Alexandrov et al. 2001), and, where investigated, these arrays have been found to be bordered by more heterogeneous monomeric ␣-satellite (Wevrick et al. 1992;Horvath et al. 2000;Schueler et al. 2001;Guy et al. 2003;. The adjacent organization of higherorder and monomeric ␣-satellite, as well as the fact that lower primates have only monomeric ␣-satellite at their centromeres (Rosenberg et al. 1978;Musich et al. 1980;Maio et al. 1981;Thayer et al. 1981;Alves et al. 1994), has led to the hypothesis that higher-order ␣-satellite evolved from ancestral arrays of monomeric ␣-satellite and subsequently transposed to the centromeric regions of all great ape chromosomes (Warburton and Willard 1996;Alexandrov et al. ...

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Section: Comparative Analysis Of ␣-Satellite In Primatessupporting

confidence: 76%

The evolutionary dynamics of α-satellite

Rudd¹,

Wray²,

Willard³

2005

Genome Res.

126

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thus, a satellite DNA family conserved in a broad group of species proved useful for revealing evolutionary relationships in Cetacea, results which were consonant with those obtained with other markers (Arnason and Gullberg, 1994). Centromeric satellite DNA of primates was demonstrated to have a common ancestral origin (Fanning et al, 1993) and constitutes another example of the usefulness of satellite DNA for the molecular analysis of phylogenetic relationships (Laursen et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Evolution of Centromeric Satellite DNA and Its Use in Phylogenetic Studies of the Sparidae Family (Pisces, Perciformes)

Garrido-Ramos

Herrán

Jamilena

et al. 1999

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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In this paper, we use the EcoRI centromeric satellite DNA family conserved in Sparidae as a taxonomic and a phylogenetic marker. The analyses of 56 monomeric units (187 bp in size) obtained by means of cloning and PCR from 10 sparid species indicate that this repetitive DNA evolves by concerted evolution. Different phylogenetic inference methods, such as neighborjoining and UPGMA, group the 56 repeats by taxonomic affinity and support the existence of at least two monophyletic groups within the Sparidae family. These results reinforce the recent taxonomic revision of the genera Sparus and Pagrus and contradict previous classifications of the Sparidae family.

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“…We could find no evidence of a conserved colinear relationship of higher-order a-satellite DNA, accompanied instead by a best local contiguous alignment of 78.1% across the entire chimp Y centromere HOR. In contrast, orthologous human and chimpanzee X centromere higher-order a-satellite units maintain their structural (colinear) integrity and are 93% identical (Laursen et al 1992) following at least five million years of evolutionary divergence. Similarly, the human chromosome 17 centromere (D17Z1) and its chimp ortholog (PTR219) maintain 95 6 0.8% sequence identity (Rudd et al 2006), and a conserved colinear relationship of a-satellite DNA for the four chimp PTR219 HOR monomers available for analysis.…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Indicates a Similar Rapid Divergence Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid evolution of mouse Y centromere repeat DNA belies recent sequence stability

Pertile¹,

Graham²,

Choo³

et al. 2009

Genome Res.

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The Y centromere sequence of house mouse, Mus musculus, remains unknown despite our otherwise significant knowledge of the genome sequence of this important mammalian model organism. Here, we report the complete molecular characterization of the C57BL/6J chromosome Y centromere, which comprises a highly diverged minor satellite-like sequence (designated Ymin) with higher-order repeat (HOR) sequence organization previously undescribed at mouse centromeres. The Ymin array is ;90 kb in length and resides within a single BAC clone that provides sequence information spanning an endogenous animal centromere for the first time. By exploiting direct patrilineal inheritance of the Y chromosome, we demonstrate stability of the Y centromere DNA structure spanning at least 175 inbred generations to beyond the time of domestication of the East Asian M.m. molossinus ''fancy'' mouse through which the Y chromosome was first introduced into the classical inbred laboratory mouse strains. Despite this stability, at least three unequal genetic exchange events have altered Ymin HOR unit length and sequence structure since divergence of the ancestral Mus musculus subspecies around 900,000 yr ago, with major turnover of the HOR arrays driving rapid divergence of sequence and higher-order structure at the mouse Y centromere. A comparative sequence analysis between the human and chimpanzee centromeres indicates a similar rapid divergence of the primate Y centromere. Our data point to a unique DNA sequence and organizational architecture for the mouse Y centromere that has evolved independently of all other mouse centromeres.

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Higher rate of evolution of X chromosome alpha-repeat DNA in human than in the great apes.

Cited by 30 publications

References 40 publications

The evolutionary dynamics of α-satellite

The evolutionary dynamics of α-satellite

Evolution of Centromeric Satellite DNA and Its Use in Phylogenetic Studies of the Sparidae Family (Pisces, Perciformes)

Rapid evolution of mouse Y centromere repeat DNA belies recent sequence stability

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