Higher Resolution Subsurface Imaging

Neal, Jack E.; Krohn, Christine E.

doi:10.2118/0312-0044-jpt

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The integration of many data sources is beneficial in enhancing imaging capabilities, with DAS data specifically proving valuable for subsurface imaging purposes. SMF has been shown to be effective in subsurface imaging but faces some limitations, such as interference signals in Rayleigh backscattered light [90], as well as existence of the noise floor [62]. These limitations are addressed by employing proper active DAS measurement sources, enhanced spatial resolution, and SNRs; the use of a deliberate cable deployment method; and selection of relevant acquisition parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics Exploration: Comparative Review of Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Fiber Optic Cables

Rafi,

Mohd Noh,

Abdul Latiff

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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The advent of fiber optic technology in geophysics exploration has grown in its use in the exploration, production, and monitoring of subsurface environments, revolutionizing the way data are gathered and interpreted critically to speed up decision-making and reduce expense and time. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) has been increasingly utilized to build relationships in complex geophysics environments by utilizing continuous measurement along fiber optic cables with high spatial resolution and a frequency response of up to 10 KHz. DAS, as fiber optic technology examining backscattered light from a laser emitted inside the fiber and measuring strain changes, enables the performance of subsurface imaging in terms of real-time monitoring for Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP), reservoir monitoring, and microseismic event detection. This review examines the most widely used fiber optic cables employed for DAS acquisition, namely Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) and Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF), with the different deployments and scopes of data used in geophysics exploration. Over the years, SMF has emerged as a preferred type of fiber optic cable utilized for DAS acquisition and, in most applications examined in this review, outperformed MMF. On the other side, MMF has proven to be preferable when used to measure distributed temperature. Finally, the fiber optic cable deployment technique and acquisition parameters constitute a pivotal preliminary step in DAS data preprocessing, offering a pathway to improve imaging resolution based on DAS measurement as a future scope of work.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics Exploration: Comparative Review of Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Fiber Optic Cables

Rafi,

Mohd Noh,

Abdul Latiff

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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“…One commonly used EM instrument is ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), which is a high‐frequency (usually 50–200 MHz in most CZ systems) method used for mapping the CZ base in shallow (usually <10 m) systems (e.g., Guo, Ma, et al., 2020; Guo, Mount, et al., 2020; Orlando et al., 2016). A deeper option is controlled‐source electromagnetics (CSEM), which can map low‐resistivity anomalies 100s of m into the subsurface (Ashadi, 2022), and has produced high‐resolution images of subsurface fluid movement (Neal & Krohn, 2012). The high‐resolution capacity of CSEM can be taken to greater depths by using focused‐source electromagnetics (FSEM), which focuses the EM field vertically and eliminates horizontal electric current density (Davydycheva & Rykhlinski, 2011).…”

Section: Current Approaches To Constrain the Base And Thickness Of Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the Spatial Reach and Human Impacts of Critical Zone Science

Singha,

Sullivan,

Billings

et al. 2024

Earth's Future

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Two major barriers hinder the holistic understanding of subsurface critical zone (CZ) evolution and its impacts: (a) an inability to measure, define, and share information and (b) a societal structure that inhibits inclusivity and creativity. In contrast to the aboveground portion of the CZ, which is visible and measurable, the bottom boundary is difficult to access and quantify. In the context of these barriers, we aim to expand the spatial reach of the CZ by highlighting existing and effective tools for research as well as the “human reach” of CZ science by expanding who performs such science and who it benefits. We do so by exploring the diversity of vocabularies and techniques used in relevant disciplines, defining terminology, and prioritizing research questions that can be addressed. Specifically, we explore geochemical, geomorphological, geophysical, and ecological measurements and modeling tools to estimate CZ base and thickness. We also outline the importance of and approaches to developing a diverse CZ workforce that looks like and harnesses the creativity of the society it serves, addressing historical legacies of exclusion. Looking forward, we suggest that to grow CZ science, we must broaden the physical spaces studied and their relationships with inhabitants, measure the “deep” CZ and make data accessible, and address the bottlenecks of scaling and data‐model integration. What is needed—and what we have tried to outline—are common and fundamental structures that can be applied anywhere and used by the diversity of researchers involved in investigating and recording CZ processes from a myriad of perspectives.

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“…The future of offshore carbon sequestration holds great promise, driven by continuous technological advancements, ongoing research, and collaborative efforts to enhance the efficacy and sustainability of subsurface carbon storage. Future subsurface monitoring will benefit from advancements in seismic imaging technologies, offering higher resolution and real-time data acquisition (Neal and Krohn, 2012). Enhanced seismic tools will enable more accurate assessment of geological structures, improving the reliability of site selection and injection strategies.…”

Section: Future Prospects and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface Carbon Sequestration Potential in Offshore Environments: A Geoscientific Perspective

Obobi Ume Onwuka,

Akinsola Adu

2024

Eng. sci. technol. j.

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As the global community intensifies efforts to combat climate change, subsurface carbon sequestration emerges as a promising avenue for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. This paper delves into the geoscientific perspective on the potential for subsurface carbon sequestration in offshore environments. The introduction provides a backdrop on the significance of carbon sequestration and outlines the objectives of exploring the feasibility and challenges associated with offshore subsurface storage. The overview section explores the mechanisms and comparative advantages of offshore carbon sequestration. Geoscientific factors influencing carbon sequestration, including geological characteristics, reservoir assessment, and seismic imaging, are examined in detail. Challenges and risks, both geological and technological, are scrutinized to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complexities involved. Real-world case studies and ongoing research initiatives shed light on successful projects and emerging trends in offshore carbon sequestration. The economic and environmental implications are discussed, emphasizing the need for a thorough cost-benefit analysis and environmental impact assessment. The regulatory framework and compliance standards, both current and future, are explored to ensure responsible implementation. The paper concludes with insights into the future prospects of subsurface carbon sequestration, emphasizing emerging technologies, research priorities, and the imperative for responsible practices. This geoscientific exploration seeks to contribute to the growing body of knowledge guiding sustainable solutions for carbon reduction in offshore environments. Keywords: Subsurface, Carbon, Sequestration Potential, Offshore, Environments, Geoscientific.

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Higher Resolution Subsurface Imaging

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Application of Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics Exploration: Comparative Review of Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Fiber Optic Cables

Application of Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics Exploration: Comparative Review of Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Fiber Optic Cables

Expanding the Spatial Reach and Human Impacts of Critical Zone Science

Subsurface Carbon Sequestration Potential in Offshore Environments: A Geoscientific Perspective

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