Higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 infection than of BA.2 infection after previous BA.1 infection, the Netherlands, 2 May to 24 July 2022

Andeweg, Stijn P.; Gier, Brechje de; Vennema, Harry; Walle, Ivo Van; Maarseveen, Noortje van; Kusters, Nina E.; Melker, Hester E. de; Hahné, Susan; Hof, Susan van den; Eggink, Dirk; Knol, Mirjam J.

doi:10.1101/2022.09.21.22280189

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…During the study period, sequentially Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.5 and to a lesser extent BA.4 caused the majority of the infections in the Netherlands. In previous Dutch studies, vaccine effectiveness was not significantly different between Omicron subvariants but previous BA.1 infections conferred lower protection to BA.4/5 compared to BA.2 (18,19). For infections before the study period, the variant of infection is not known for certain, and variants are highly correlated with calendar time, thus complicating disentangling effects of variants and time since infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The effect of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection and relation with serological response – a prospective cohort study

Gier

Huiberts

Hoeve

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objectives: To estimate the protective effect of previous infections and vaccinations on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection. Design: Prospective cohort study Setting: Community-based cohort, the Netherlands Participants: 43,257 Community-dwelling adults aged 18-85 years contributed 8,291,966 person-days between 10 January 2022 and 1 September 2022. Main outcome measures: SARS-CoV-2 infection, defined as either a reported positive (self-administered) antigen or PCR test, or seroconversion or 4-fold increase in Nucleoprotein-antibodies, based on 6-monthly serum samples. Cox proportional hazard models were used with SARS-CoV-2 infection and any COVID-19 vaccination as time-varying exposures, calendar time as underlying time scale and adjustment for age, sex, medical risk and educational level. Results: In participants with 2, 3 or 4 prior immunizing events (vaccination or previous infection), we found a relative reduction of 71-85% in Omicron infection in weeks 4-10 post-last event with hybrid immunity compared to vaccine-induced immunity. Differences in risk of infection were partly explained by differences in anti-Spike RBD (S) antibody concentration, which showed a similar pattern but with smaller differences between vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity. Compared to the lowest quartile, participants in subsequent quartiles of S-antibody concentrations had 19%, 35% and 71% reduced risk of infection, respectively. Among participants with hybrid immunity, with one previous pre-Omicron infection, there was no relevant difference in risk of Omicron infection by sequence of vaccination(s) and infection). Regardless of the type of previous immunizing events, additional events increased the protection against infection, but not above the level of the first weeks after the previous event. Conclusions: Our results showed that hybrid immunity is more protective against infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron than vaccine-induced immunity, up to at least 30 weeks after the last immunizing event. Among those with hybrid immunity, the sequence and number of immunizing events was not found to be of importance, and its protective effect was partly explained by circulating S-antibodies. In our population with a high level of immunity, additional immunizing events reduced risk of infection with Omicron variants only temporarily. Trial registration: Dutch Trial Register (NTR), registration number NL9279 (available via ICTRP Search Portal (who.int))

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The effect of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection and relation with serological response – a prospective cohort study

Gier

Huiberts

Hoeve

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…BA.5 evades other WT and Omicron BA.1 antibodies ( 15 – 17 ). Although BA.1-induced immunity is relatively less protective against BA.5, it provides some protection against reinfection with BA.2 and BA.5 ( 18 , 19 ). Our data showed that the bivalent (WT+BA.1) vaccine produced 1.5 to 2.0-fold higher NT 50 and ID 50 values against BA.5 than monovalent vaccines that were still lower than those directed against other SARS-CoV-2 variants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralizing Antibody Response of the Wild-Type/Omicron BA.1 Bivalent Vaccine as the Second Booster Dose against Omicron BA.2 and BA.5

et al. 2023

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“…hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in late 2022 1 . Especially Omicron variants have shown their potential to escape vaccine-induced humoral immunity, resulting in many vaccine breakthrough infections and the development of hybrid immunity [2][3][4][5][6][7] . Previous infection with Omicron protects against subsequent infections by other Omicron variants, and this protection may be better than hybrid immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 variants preceding Omicron 8, 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of hybrid population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following breakthrough infections of distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants

Hartog

Andeweg

Hoeve

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Immunity induced by vaccination and infection, referred to as hybrid immunity, provides better protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to immunity induced by vaccinations alone. To assess the development of hybrid immunity we investigated the induction of Nucleoprotein-specific antibodies in PCR-confirmed infections by Delta or Omicron in vaccinated individuals (n = 520). Eighty-two percent of the participants with a breakthrough infection reached N-seropositivity. N-seropositivity was accompanied by Spike S1 antibody boosting, and independent of vaccination status or virus variant. Following the infection relatively more antibodies to the infecting virus variant were detected. In conclusion, these data show that hybrid immunity through breakthrough infections is hallmarked by Nucleoprotein antibodies and repertoire broadening of Spike antibodies. Exposure to future SARS-CoV-2 variants may therefore continue to maintain and broaden vaccine-induced population immunity.

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Higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 infection than of BA.2 infection after previous BA.1 infection, the Netherlands, 2 May to 24 July 2022

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

The effect of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection and relation with serological response – a prospective cohort study

The effect of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection and relation with serological response – a prospective cohort study

Neutralizing Antibody Response of the Wild-Type/Omicron BA.1 Bivalent Vaccine as the Second Booster Dose against Omicron BA.2 and BA.5

Assessment of hybrid population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following breakthrough infections of distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants

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