Higher sleep spindle activity is associated with fewer false memories in adolescent girls

Kuula, Liisa; Tamminen, Jakke; Makkonen, Tommi; Merikanto, Ilona; Räikkönen, Katri; Pesonen, Anu‐Katriina

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2018.12.005

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…However, in other studies, this correlation was not observed in adults or children [ 63 , 64 ]. For example, examining ~17 years old adolescents on the DRM task, Kuula et al [ 65 ] found no correlation between spindle density and critical lure recall in boys, and in girls even a negative correlation. Assessments of SOs and SWS-related measures in general provide a likewise mixed picture [ 64 , 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do children with autism spectrum disorder form gist memory during sleep? A study of slow oscillation–spindle coupling

Kurz¹,

Conzelmann²,

Barth³

et al. 2020

Sleep

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Sleep is assumed to support memory through an active systems consolidation process that does not only strengthen newly encoded representations but also facilitates the formation of more abstract gist memories. Studies in humans and rodents indicate a key role of the precise temporal coupling of sleep slow oscillations (SO) and spindles in this process. The present study aimed at bolstering these findings in typically developing (TD) children, and at dissecting particularities in SO-spindle coupling underlying signs of enhanced gist memory formation during sleep found in a foregoing study in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual impairment. Sleep data from 19 boys with ASD and 20 TD boys (9–12 years) were analyzed. Children performed a picture-recognition task and the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) task before nocturnal sleep (encoding) and in the next morning (retrieval). Sleep-dependent benefits for visual-recognition memory were comparable between groups but were greater for gist abstraction (recall of DRM critical lure words) in ASD than TD children. Both groups showed a closely comparable SO-spindle coupling, with fast spindle activity nesting in SO-upstates, suggesting that a key mechanism of memory processing during sleep is fully functioning already at childhood. Picture-recognition at retrieval after sleep was positively correlated to frontocortical SO-fast-spindle coupling in TD children, and less in ASD children. Critical lure recall did not correlate with SO-spindle coupling in TD children but showed a negative correlation (r = −.64, p = .003) with parietal SO-fast-spindle coupling in ASD children, suggesting other mechanisms specifically conveying gist abstraction, that may even compete with SO-spindle coupling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do children with autism spectrum disorder form gist memory during sleep? A study of slow oscillation–spindle coupling

Kurz¹,

Conzelmann²,

Barth³

et al. 2020

Sleep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, Payne et al [33] found a beneficial effect of sleep for veridical and false memories, but that SWS was more detrimental for veridical memories while preserving false memories. This selective benefit for false memories after sleep compared to wake was associated with spindles in the right hemisphere [34], although spindles as a whole were seen to reduce false memories in adolescent girls (but not boys) in another study [35]. An explanation for these disparate results is suggested by Diekelmann et al [36•], who found enhanced false recall after both sleep and sleep deprivation in comparison to daytime wake and suggested two mechanisms are at work: (1) overnight reorganisation which can lead to an increase in false memories; and (2) a cognitive control component which is undermined by sleep deprivation.…”

Section: Sleep-dependent Schematic Memory Consolidationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Sleep’s Role in Schema Learning and Creative Insights

Durrant

Johnson

2021

Curr Sleep Medicine Rep

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Purpose of Review A recent resurgence of interest in schema theory has influenced research on sleep-dependent memory consolidation and led to a new understanding of how schemata might be activated during sleep and play a role in the reorganisation of memories. This review is aimed at synthesising recent findings into a coherent narrative and draw overall conclusions. Recent Findings Rapid consolidation of schematic memories has been shown to benefit from an interval containing sleep. These memories have shown reduced reliance on the hippocampus following consolidation in both humans and rodents. Using a variety of methodologies, notably including the DRM paradigm, it has been shown that activation of a schema can increase the rate of false memory as a result of activation of semantic associates during slow wave sleep (SWS). Memories making use of a schema have shown increased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex, which may reflect both the schematic activation itself and a cognitive control component selecting an appropriate schema to use. SWS seems to be involved in assimilation of new memories within existing semantic frameworks and in making memories more explicit, while REM sleep may be more associated with creating entirely novel associations while keeping memories implicit. Summary Sleep plays an important role in schematic memory consolidation, with more rapid consolidation, reduced hippocampal involvement, and increased prefrontal involvement as the key characteristics. Both SWS and REM sleep may have a role to play.

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“…Previous research showed that sleep spindles and spindle-related sigma power (12 to 16 Hz) are among the key factors driving TMR benefits [36][37][38] . For example, the cue-elicited spindle density and sigma power 37,39 positively correlated with post-sleep memory retention 40,41 . Moreover, research argues that following cue-elicited sigma power increase, there is a critical refractory period during which sigma power would decrease 42 .…”

Section: Cue-elicited Sigma Power During Tmr Modulated By Pre-memory ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivating Positive Personality Traits During Sleep Promotes Positive Self-Referential Processing

Yao

Xia

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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People tend to view themselves through rose-tinted glasses, as evidenced by preferential recall of positive personality traits. We asked whether reactivating positive personality traits during sleep could enhance peoples' positive self-evaluative memories. After a baseline self-referential encoding task in which participants endorsed positive and negative traits as self-descriptive, participants were trained to give timely responses to positive traits in a cue-approach training (CAT) task. Once participants had entered slow-wave sleep during a subsequent nap, half of the trained positive traits were unobtrusively re-played to them to promote consolidation (targeted memory reactivation, TMR). Participants completed free-recall tasks about self-descriptive traits to measure their self-evaluative memories. Our findings revealed that TMR prioritized the recall of positive traits that were strongly memorized before sleep, while impairing the recall of intermediate traits. The results suggest pre-TMR self-evaluative memory strength modulated the TMR benefits. Sleep EEG analyses revealed that compared with weak/intermediate/control traits, re-playing strongly memorized traits during sleep elicited greater sigma power changes, which likely reflect preferential memory reactivation. Our results demonstrate the potential implication of wakeful cue-approach training and sleep-based memory reactivation in strengthening positive self-evaluative memories.

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Higher sleep spindle activity is associated with fewer false memories in adolescent girls

Abstract: Funding: The Academy of Finland provided financial support for the data collection and preparation of the article. The funding source had no involvement in the study design.

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

How do children with autism spectrum disorder form gist memory during sleep? A study of slow oscillation–spindle coupling

How do children with autism spectrum disorder form gist memory during sleep? A study of slow oscillation–spindle coupling

Sleep’s Role in Schema Learning and Creative Insights

Reactivating Positive Personality Traits During Sleep Promotes Positive Self-Referential Processing

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