In three dimensions, it is known that field theories possessing extended (p, q) anti-de Sitter (AdS) supersymmetry with N = p + q ≥ 3 can be realised in (2,0) AdS superspace. Here we present a formalism to reduce every field theory with (2,0) AdS supersymmetry to N = 1 AdS superspace. As nontrivial examples, we consider supersymmetric nonlinear sigma models formulated in terms of N = 2 chiral and linear supermultiplets. The (2, 0) → (1, 0) AdS reduction technique is then applied to the off-shell massless higher-spin supermultiplets in (2,0) AdS superspace constructed in [1]. As a result, for each superspin valueŝ, integer (ŝ = s) or half-integer (ŝ = s + 1 2 ), with s = 1, 2, . . . , we obtain two off-shell formulations for a massless N = 1 superspin-ŝ multiplet in AdS 3 . These models prove to be related to each other by a superfield Legendre transformation in the flat superspace limit, but the duality is not lifted to the AdS case. Two out of the four series of N = 1 supersymmetric higher-spin models thus derived are new. The constructed massless N = 1 supersymmetric higher-spin actions in AdS 3 are used to formulate (i) higher-spin supercurrent multiplets in N = 1 AdS superspace; and (ii) new topologically massive higher-spin off-shell supermultiplets. Examples of N = 1 higher-spin supercurrents are given for models of a complex scalar supermultiplet. We also present two new off-shell formulations for a massive N = 1 gravitino supermultiplet in AdS 3 .